Liv Fegran

• Marthinsen, Gunhild Nordbø; Helseth, Sølvi; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Bjorvatn, Bjørn & Fegran, Liv (2024). A comparison of sleep, insomnia and health‑related quality of life between mothers and fathers of preterm versus full‑born infants: a longitudinal study from Norway. Sleep Science and Practice (SSP). 8. doi: 10.1186/s41606-024-00103-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Robstad, Anja Nastasja & Fegran, Liv (2024). The lived experiences of patients with severe obesity during hospital admissions in Norway: A phenomenological hermeneutic study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. doi: 10.1111/jan.16109.
• Paulsen, Anita; Vistad, Ingvild & Fegran, Liv (2023). Gynecological cancer survivors' experiences with sexual health communication in nurse-led follow-up consultations. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. ISSN 0001-6349. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14749.
• Håkstad, Katrine; Fegran, Liv; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes (2023). Orofacial signs of child or adolescent maltreatment identified by dentists and dental hygienists: A scoping review. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. ISSN 0960-7439. p. 1–17. doi: 10.1111/ipd.13139. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Child maltreatment, the abuse or neglect of children aged 0–18 years, is a severe and underreported global problem. Compared with other body parts, the orofacial region displays more signs of child maltreatment. Dentists and dental hygienists are therefore well situated to identify orofacial signs of child maltreatment. Aim To map the current literature on orofacial signs of child maltreatment identified by dentists or dental hygienists. Design A scoping review was conducted based on systematic searches of Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) for primary qualitative and quantitative studies through June 6, 2022. Results Twenty-nine studies were included in this scoping review. Though all child maltreatment types were identified in dental settings, physical abuse and dental neglect were most commonly identified. Reports of caries dominated the orofacial signs, followed by bruises (intra- and extraoral), poor oral hygiene, dental trauma, and lacerations (intra- and extraoral). Case reports were used most commonly to describe orofacial signs of child maltreatment. Conclusion Dental clinicians identify orofacial signs of all child maltreatment types intraorally. Dentists identify the same extraoral signs as do other healthcare professionals, with bruising being the most common.

• Audulv, Åsa; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Pedersen, Mona Kyndi; Fegran, Liv & Hall, Elisabeth O. C. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2023). Time and change: a typology for presenting research findings in qualitative longitudinal research. BMC Medical Research Methodology. ISSN 1471-2288. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12874-023-02105-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Kristoffersen, Eirunn W.; Haslerud, Lilly; Fegran, Liv; Hustad, Jørn & Haddeland, Kristine (2023). Pasienters erfaringer med anestesisykepleie i pre- og peranestetisk fase – en kvalitativ studie. Nordisk sygeplejeforskning. ISSN 1892-2678. 13(4), p. 1–15. doi: 10.18261/nsf.13.4.4. Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Pasienter føler ofte uforutsigbarhet, spenning og engstelse før en operasjon. Å ha kunnskap om pasienters erfaringer med anestesisykepleie er vesentlig for at pasienter skal oppleve god behandling. Mål: Hensikten med studien var å få innsikt i pasienters erfaringer med anestesisykepleie i pre- og peranestetisk fase. Metode: Det ble gjennomført individuelle intervju med ni pasienter innlagt på to ulike sykehus. Dataene ble analysert basert på Graneheim og Lundman’s tekstanalyse og COREQ-sjekkliste for kvalitative studier er benyttet. Resultat: Tre hovedtema ble identifisert. Pasientene opplevde: (1) Ulike behov for støtte og trygghet på vei inn i en ukjent verden, (2) Ulike erfaringer av tid og tidspress, og (3) Personlig og faglig kompetanse hos anestesisykepleierne. Konklusjon: Rollen som anestesisykepleier krever kompetanse utover kunnskap og teknisk mestring av ferdigheter, for å ivareta kvalitet og pasientsikkerhet. Funnene gir et viktig innblikk i pasienters erfaringer og kan bidra til å øke kvaliteten på pasientbehandling i pre- og peranestetisk fase.

• Sjuls, Marianne; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Robstad, Anja Nastasja & Fegran, Liv (2023). Fathers' experiences of living with a child with a progressive life-limiting condition without curative treatment options: A qualitative systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. doi: 10.1111/jan.15884. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: To systematically review and synthesize findings across qualitative primary stud-ies about fathers' experiences of living with a child with a progressive life- limiting condition without curative treatment options (C3 conditions).Design: Systematic review and metasynthesis.Methods: Sandelowski and Barosso's qualitative research methodology guided this review and metasynthesis. A modification of Ricoeur's interpretation theory, de-scribed by Lindseth and Norberg, guided the synthesis of qualitative data. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Qualitative Research.Data Sources: A systematic literature search was conducted on 6 May 2022 and up-dated on 19 July 2023 on MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, APA PsycInfo and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were English-written qualitative studies from the year 2000, from which we could extract data on fathers' experiences of living with a child from 0 to 18 years with a progressive life- limiting condition without curative treatment options.Results: Seven reports from Western countries contributed to the review. Through structural analysis, we developed the following themes: ‘Being shattered in the per-ception of fatherhood’, ‘Establishing a new normal’ and ‘Striving to be acknowledged as a part of the caring team’.Conclusion: Fathers had to establish a new normal, and they experienced anticipa-tory mourning, role conflicts and feeling sidelined in healthcare settings when living with a child with a C3 condition. An important issue for further research on paediatric palliative care (PPC) should be to include fathers in the research sample and report separately on fathers' or mothers' experiences instead of parents' experiences.Impact: The findings will be of interest to healthcare personnel and multidisciplinary teams working within PPC, as they give insight into fathers' experiences and suggest interventions to increase healthcare personnel's involvement with fathers, such as telemedicine. Reporting Method: Following EQUATOR guidelines, the study was reported accord-ing to the enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ) framework.Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or Public Contribution.

• Fegran, Liv; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Hall, Elisabeth OC; Aagaard, Hanne & Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid (2023). Nurses’ and Doctors’ Experiences of Transferring Adolescents or Young Adults With Long-Term Health Conditions From Pediatric to Adult Care: A Metasynthesis. Global Qualitative Nursing Research. ISSN 2333-3936. 10. doi: 10.1177/23333936231189568. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The transfer of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with long-term health conditions from pediatric to adult care is a multidisciplinary enterprise where nurses and doctors play an important role. This review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence from qualitative primary reports on how nurses and doctors experience the transfer of AYA aged 13 to 24 years with long-term health conditions to an adult hospital setting. We systematically searched seven electronic databases for reports published between January 2005 and November 2021 and reporting nurses’ and doctors’ experiences. We meta-summarized data from 13 reports derived from 11 studies published worldwide. Using qualitative content analysis, we metasynthesized nurses’ and doctors’ experiences into the theme “being boosters.” Boosting AYA’s transfer was characterized by supporting AYA’s and their parents’ changing roles, smoothening AYA’s transition from pediatric to adult care, and handling AYA’s encounters with a different care culture.

• Paulsen, Anita; Vistad, Ingvild & Fegran, Liv (2023). Nurse–patient sexual health communication in gynaecological cancer follow-up: A qualitative study from nurses' perspectives. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. doi: 10.1111/jan.15755.
• Eriksen, Alison Axisa; Fegran, Liv; Fredwall, Terje Emil & Larsen, Inger Beate (2023). Patients' negative experiences with health care settings brought to light by formal complaints: A qualitative metasynthesis. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 32(17-18), p. 5816–5835. doi: 10.1111/jocn.16704. Show summary

  Introduction: Narratives of negative patient experiences expressed in complaints can help health care professionals reflect on their practices. Aims: To synthesise evidence from qualitative primary studies on patients’ negative experiences with different health care settings and to obtain a detailed picture of what patients find problematic while receiving health care. Design: Metasynthesis inspired by Sandelowski and Barroso. Methods: A protocol was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), PsycInfo (Ovid) and Scopus, on 20.04.2021. Backward and forward citations of included reports were searched for relevant studies and the search was completed in March 2022. Two researchers independently screened and appraised the included reports. A metasynthesis using reflexive thematic analysis and a metasummary were conducted. Results: Twenty-four reports were included, and four main themes were extracted from the metasynthesis: 1) problems with access to health care services; 2) failure to acquire information about diagnosis, treatment, and the expected patient role; 3) experiencing inappropriate care and bad treatment; and 4) problems with trusting health care service providers. Conclusions: Negative patient experiences impact patients’ physical and psychological health, leading to suffering and hampering patients from involving themselves in their health care. Relevance to clinical practice: Narratives of negative patient experiences aggregated from the findings provide knowledge about what patients need and expect from health care providers. These narratives can help health care professionals reflect on the way they interact with patients and improve their practice. Health care organisations need to prioritize patient participation. Reporting Method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Patient or Public Contribution: Findings were presented and discussed in a meeting with a reference group representing patients, health care professionals and the public.

• Befus, Eva-Grethe; Helseth, Sølvi; Mølland, Eirin; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Fegran, Liv & Haraldstad, Kristin (2023). Use of KIDSCREEN health-related quality of life instruments in the general population of children and adolescents: a scoping review. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12955-023-02088-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose Subjectively assessing health related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents is increasingly important in the public health feld. One valid and widely used generic HRQoL instrument is the KIDSCREEN question‑ naire. The aim of this study was to map all studies using KIDSCREEN instruments in the general population of children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. Methods A scoping review was conducted. The search strategy was formulated according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Scoping Reviews guidelines. The databases Cinahl, socINDEX, Medline, Embase, APA Psychinfo, Scopus, and Eric were searched in October 2021. Results In total, 1365 papers were eligible for screening, 1031 were excluded and 334 reports were read in full. 252 reports were included. KIDSCREEN studies in the general population was predominantly conducted in Europe (n=211). Most studies (n=179) had a cross sectional design, while few experimental studies (n=24) were found. The three KIDSCREEN versions comprising of 10, 27 and 52 items, were equally distributed between studies. The selfreported version (n=225) of the KIDSCREEN instrument was more prevalent than the proxy version, while few studies discussed a cut point. Study contexts refected international trends of public health challenges, commonly including mental- and psychosocial health, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and obesity. Conclusion KIDSCREEN is widely used in cross sectional studies assessing common public health challenges. Experi‑ mental and longitudinal assessments, possibly including relevant cut ofs remain mainly unexplored and are recom‑ mended for future research.

• Mølland, Eirin; Haraldstad, Kristin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Håland, Åshild Tellefsen; Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes & Fegran, Liv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in child and school health services among children aged 4 and 6 years in Southern Norway: clinical considerations. BMC Pediatrics. ISSN 1471-2431. 23. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-03837-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Parent reported mental health can be assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Currently, Norwegian norms for parent-reported SDQ do not exist, whereas Swedish, Danish, and United Kingdom (UK) norms have been published. We aimed to (1) describe parent-reported SDQ among children aged 4 and 6 years in Southern Norway, (2) evaluate empirical cutoff values within the context of the Starting RightTM project in relation to the Swedish, Danish, and UK cutoffs, and (3) evaluate the representativeness of the study sample with regard to parental socioeconomic status. Methods This study included parent-reported observations for 665 children (63% consent rate). Means and standard deviations were calculated for the domains of SDQ, and gender differences were assessed. Based on the Swedish, Danish, and UK cutoffs and the 80th and 90th percentile cutoff values within the study, we calculated the total number of children with borderline and abnormal scores. Results Boys had higher mean total difficulties (7.3 vs 5.6) and impact scores (0.3 vs 0.1) and lower prosocial scores (8.3 vs 8.8) than girls. The differences in means were largest in the case of externalizing symptoms (5.0 vs 3.6) and hyperactivity subscore (3.2 vs 2.3). Using the UK cutoff values, 28 and 25 children had borderline and abnormal total difficulties scores, respectively. The corresponding numbers using the within study or Scandinavian cutoff values were 84–99 and 54–79, respectively. Overall, our study sample was well representative of the target population. Conclusions Our findings consistently indicated that girls had better SDQ scores than boys among children aged 4 and 6 years. Fewer children would be identified as having mental health difficulties using the UK cutoff values than using the Scandinavian age- and gender-relevant cutoff values.

• Skorstad, Mette; Vistad, Ingvild; Fegran, Liv; Berntsen, Sveinung & Johannessen, Berit (2022). Nurse-led consultations reinforced with eHealth technology: a qualitative study of the experiences of patients with gynecological cancer. BMC Nursing. ISSN 1472-6955. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-01104-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Aagaard, Hanne; Hall, Elisabeth; Audulv, Åsa; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas & Fegran, Liv (2022). Parents’ experiences of transitioning to home with a very-low-birthweight infant: A meta-ethnography. Journal of Neonatal Nursing. ISSN 1355-1841. doi: 10.1016/j.jnn.2022.11.012. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Medical-technological advances and neurodevelopmental care have improved the survival of extremely- and very-low-birthweight infants born before 32 weeks’ gestation. After months in neonatal care, the infants are discharged, and parents exited but full of anxiety. This review is designed as a meta-ethnography, addressing parents’ discharge experiences to comprehend the synthesised research, which includes 12 eligible studies. From the analysis, we constructed three themes: ‘approaching discharge with both uncertainty and confidence’; ‘discharge as a longed-for though disordering turning point’; and ‘facing joys, worries and multiple challenges when at home’. The overarching interpretation was ‘discharge as double-edged sword’. We conclude that bringing home very-low-birthweight infants is a joyful event, yet parents also experience discharge as never- endingly worrying, as a time filled with challenges to which parents must adapt and as necessitating contin- uous support from knowledgeable providers.

• Fegran, Liv; ten Ham-Baloyi, Wilma; Fossum, Mariann; Hovland, Olav Johannes; Naidoo, Joanne R. & van Rooyen, Dalena [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Simulation debriefing as part of simulation for clinical teaching and learning in nursing education: A scoping review. Nursing Open. ISSN 2054-1058. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1426. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Aim: To map the evidence of the simulation debriefing phase in simulation activities of nursing education, to address and inform clinical teaching and learning in nursing.Design: A scoping review.Methods: A systematic review of literature published between 2008–2021 was conducted using CINAHL & ERIC, MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library and JBI Evidence synthesis. Inclusion criteria were primary studies published in English on simulation debriefing at all levels in nursing education.Results: Of 140 included references, only 80% (N= 112) framed simulation debriefing theoretically either by specific theories/models or as a literature review of the topic. A variety of simulation debriefing methods were identified; however, debriefing methods were only described in 79% (N= 110) of the references. There appears to be a gap in consensus concerning the theoretical or methodological frameworks characterizing simulation debriefing in nursing education. The majority of studies (86%) were conducted at a bachelor's degree level (N= 121).

• Grasaas, Erik; Helseth, Sølvi; Fegran, Liv; Stinson, Jennifer; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Lalloo, Chitra [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). App-based intervention among adolescents with persistent pain: a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial. BMC Pilot and Feasibility Studies. ISSN 2055-5784. 8. doi: 10.1186/s40814-022-01113-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Persistent pain in adolescence adversely afects everyday life and is an important public health problem. The primary aim was to determine the feasibility of an 8-week app-based self-management intervention to reduce pain and improve health-related quality of life in a community-based population of adolescents with persistent pain. A secondary aim was to explore diferences in health outcomes between the intervention and control groups. Methods: A sample of 73 adolescents aged 16–19 years with persistent pain from a community-based population were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention group received the Norwegian culturally adapted version of the iCanCope with PainTM app, which includes symptom tracking, goal setting, self-management strategies, and social support. The attention control group received a symptom tracking app. Feasibility was assessed as attrition rates and level of engagement (interactions with the app). The secondary outcomes included pain intensity, health-related quality of life, self-efcacy, pain self-efcacy, perceived social support from friends, anxiety and depression, and patient global impression. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS. Results: Demographic and baseline outcome variables did not difer between the 2 groups. No diferences were found between the participants completing the study and those who withdrew. Twenty-eight adolescents completed the intervention as planned (62% attrition). Both groups had a low level of app engagement. Intention-to-treat analysis (n = 19 + 14) showed no signifcant diferences in outcomes between groups. However, the large efect size (Cohen’s d = .9) for depression suggested a lower depression score in the intervention group. Conclusions: High treatment attrition and low engagement indicate the need for changes in trial design in a fullscale randomized controlled trial to improve participant retention.

• Audulv, Åsa; Hall, Elisabeth O. C.; Kneck, Åsa; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Fegran, Liv & Pedersen, Mona Kyndi [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Qualitative Longitudinal Research in Health Research: A Method Study. BMC Medical Research Methodology. ISSN 1471-2288. 22(1), p. 1–19. doi: 10.1186/s12874-022-01732-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Marthinsen, Gunhild Nordbø; Helseth, Sølvi; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Bandlien, Signe Marie & Fegran, Liv (2022). Sleep patterns and psychosocial health of parents of preterm and full-born infants: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal feasibility study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. ISSN 1471-2393. 22. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04862-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Ebitu, Anne Katrine Sandnes; Fegran, Liv; Haraldstad, Kristin; Johannessen, Berit; Chiduo, Mercy Grace & Hovland, Olav Johannes (2022). The banana project: A qualitative study of caregivers' and teachers' experiences of preschool children participating in a free banana school fruit scheme in rural Tanzania. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health. ISSN 2516-5542. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000403. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction Good nutrition is the foundation of sustainable growth and development among children. The United Nations aims to achieve food security and improve nutrition through its Sustainable Development Goal 2 - Zero Hunger. In close collaboration with local communities and authorities, the Tanga International Competence Centre, Tanzania, supports projects aimed at achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. One of their initiatives, The Banana Project, which is a free school fruit scheme, started in 2011 based on a recognised need for nutritional support among preschool children at a rural school in Tanga District. In the interest of improving nutrition, the free school fruit scheme provides one banana 5 school days a week to each child in the class. This study aimed to explore caregivers’ (parents and/or guardians) and teachers’ experiences with preschool children’s participation in the project, with a specific focus on nutrition and health. Methods This qualitative study was performed in 2017. A total of 16 semistructured indepth interviews with 14 caregivers and 2 teachers of the preschool children participating in the project were conducted. Data were analysed using a hermeneutic perspective. Results Caregivers and teachers of the preschool children participating in the intervention experienced that bananas (1) reduced children’s hunger and nutritional deficiency, (2) increased fruit intake and improved their appetite for other foods, (3) improved their physical health and provided energy, and (4) supported cognitive and socioemotional development. Conclusion These findings indicate that the banana intervention has several benefits to preschool children and has an impact on their families. To improve health and reduce the risk of malnutrition of children in rural Tanzania, The Banana Project can be an recommended as a simple, cost-effective and sustainable health and nutrition promotion initiatives.

• Føreland, Anne Marit; Engesland, Helene; Kristoffersen, Laila & Fegran, Liv (2022). Postpartum Experiences of Early Skin-to-Skin Contact and the Traditional Separation Approach After a Very Preterm Birth: A Qualitative Study Among Mothers. Global Qualitative Nursing Research. ISSN 2333-3936. 9. doi: 10.1177/23333936221097116. Full text in Research Archive
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Jong, Miek C.; Fegran, Liv; Sejersted, Ellen; Jong, M. & Wahlgren, Sophia Louise Hjorth [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Mapping the Concept, Content, and Outcome of Family-Based Outdoor Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(10). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19105825. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Outdoor therapy and family-based therapy are suggested to be promising interventions for the treatment of mental health problems. The aim of the present scoping review was to systematically map the concept, content, and outcome of combining family- and outdoor-based therapy for children and adolescents with mental health problems. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines were applied. Eligible qualitative and quantitative studies were screened, included, and extracted for data. Seven studies were included. Findings from these studies indicated that family-based outdoor therapy programs have a positive impact on family- and peer relationships, adolescent behavior, mental health, self-perceptions (self-concept), school success, social engagement, and delinquency rates. However, participant characteristics, study design, and content and mode of delivery of the interventions varied substantially, hence preventing detailed comparison of outcomes across studies. In addition, most of the studies included few participants and lacked population diversity and comparable control groups. Although important ethical concerns were raised, such as non-voluntary participation in some of the programs, there was a lack of reporting on safety. This review indicates that a combination of family- and outdoor-based therapy may benefit mental health among children and adolescents, but due to the limited number of studies eligible for inclusion and high levels of heterogeneity, it was difficult to draw firm conclusions. Thus, future theory-based studies using robust designs are warranted.

• Robstad, Anja Nastasja; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Mølland, Eirin; Abildsnes, Eirik; Haraldstad, Kristin & Køpp, Unni Mette Stamnes [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Experiences of Norwegian child and school health nurses with the “Starting Right™” child health assessment innovation: a qualitative interview study. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08088-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Although child health services are well established in Norway, the use of information technology for the systematic collection of evidence-based child- and proxy-reported health measures may be benefcial in the early identifcation of child development problems. The Norwegian “Starting Right™” health service innovation consists of parent- and child-reported online structured health assessments tools, including practical routines for child and school health assessments. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of child and school health nurses with the Starting Right innovation. Methods: We used a qualitative design and conducted three focus group interviews with 18 child and school health nurses from three child health centres one year after the implementation of the innovation. Results: The experiences of professionals with the Starting Right innovation were captured by three themes: (1) the digital innovation could be used to obtain a good overview of a child’s health and development; (2) interpreting the questionnaires was a challenge; and (3) implementing the new digital innovation was time-consuming. Conclusions: Overall, the child and school health nurses experienced that the Starting Right innovation was useful for providing a comprehensive overview of child development and health. The challenges related to interpreting the parents’ scores and follow-up of children, as well as providing the questionnaires in relevant foreign languages, should be addressed to allow all children and families to be reached

• Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid & Fegran, Liv (2022). Med Meleis på klinikk for ungdom. In Martinsen, Bente; Dreyer, Pia & Norlyk, Annelise (Ed.), Sykepleiens superhelter: Sykepleieteoretikere som styrker klinisk praksis. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 978-82-450-3822-4. p. 99–118.
• Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid & Fegran, Liv (2021). Med Meleis på ungeklinik. In Martinsen, Bente; Dreyer, Pia & Norlyk, Annelise (Ed.), Sygeplejens Superhelte. Sygeplejeteoretikere der styrker klinisk praksis. Munksgaard Forlag. ISSN 9788762819962. p. 91–109.
• Dalsmo, Ingrid Espegren; Haraldstad, Kristin; Johannessen, Berit; Hovland, Olav Johannes; Chiduo, Mercy Grace & Fegran, Liv (2021). “Now I Feel That I Can Achieve Something”: Young Tanzanian Women’s Experiences of Empowerment by Participating in Health Promotion Campaigns. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(16). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168747. Full text in Research Archive
• Westergren, Thomas; Fegran, Liv; Antonsen, Anne Jørstad; Mikkelsen, Hilde E. Timenes; Hennig, Camilla Bæck & Køpp, Unni Mette (2021). Prevention of overweight and obesity in a Norwegian public health care context: a mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11096-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Fegran, Liv; Johannessen, Berit; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Westergren, Thomas; Høie, Magnhild & Slettebø, Åshild [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Experiences of a non-clinical set of adolescents and young adults living with persistent pain: a qualitative metasynthesis. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 11(4), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043776. Full text in Research Archive
• Westergren, Thomas; Mølland, Eirin; Haraldstad, Kristin; Håland, Åshild Tellefsen; Køpp, Unni Mette & Fegran, Liv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Implementation of the norwegian ‘Starting right’ child health service innovation: implementation adjustments, adoption, and acceptability. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06096-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: An increased and/or stable proportion of the child and adolescent population reports symptoms ofimpaired health, and the symptoms can be identified early. Therefore, structured child- and parent-reportedoutcome measures need to be implemented in child and school health services for decision support andidentification of children at risk. We aimed to (a) qualitatively examine adjustments of active implementation fromthe pilot implementation of the Norwegian‘Starting Right’health service innovation including an online childhealth assessment tool and practical routines, and (b) measure practitioners ́ adoption and parental acceptability. Methods: We used a mixed-methods design to qualitatively examine adjustments from working notes andmeeting memoranda, and quantitatively assess adoption and acceptability from user rates provided by the systemslog. Twenty-one child and school health nurses (CSHNs) from two child health centers participated in theimplementation pilot of online health assessments in children aged 2-, 4- and 6-year. We used a deductive andnarrative analysis approach using Fixsen et al. ́s core implementation components to code and sort adjustments. Results: Core implementation components were adjusted throughout the pilot implementation. Researchers ́increased their availability in reciprocity with staff evaluation to integrate active implementation adjustments. Welaunched a project for improved data systems integration. The overall CSHNs adoption rate was satisfactory andhigher in center A, where a medical secretary supported the nurses through the entire pilot phase, than in center B(96 vs. 55 %). Parental acceptability rate was overall high (77 %) with increased rates among parents of 6-year-oldchildren (98 %) compared with younger ones (78–85 %), and in cases where both parents received thequestionnaires. Conclusions: The ‘Starting Right’ health service innovation implementation was actively adjusted by integration of core implementation components mainly based on staff evaluation. The CSHNs adopted the innovation which was also acceptable to parents.

• Mildestvedt, Thomas; Hovland, Olav Johannes; Berntsen, Sveinung; Bere, Elling Tufte & Fegran, Liv (2020). Getting physically active by e-bike: An active commuting intervention study. Physical Activity and Health (PAAH). 4(1), p. 120–129. doi: 10.5334/paah.63.
• Rasalingam, Anurajee; Fegran, Liv; Brekke, Idunn & Helseth, Sølvi (2020). Young people with long-term health challenges experiences in transition to adulthood: A qualitative metasynthesis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. 77(2), p. 595–607. doi: 10.1111/jan.14641. Full text in Research Archive
• Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Hall, Elisabeth O.C.; Westergren, Thomas; Aagaard, Hanne; Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth & Fegran, Liv (2020). Being cross pressured - parents’ experiences of the transfer from paediatric to adult care services for their young people with long term conditions: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. ISSN 0020-7489. 115. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103851. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Westergren, Thomas; Fegran, Liv; te Velde, Saskia J.; Fyhri, Aslak & Deforche, Benedicte [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Cumbersome but desirable — Breaking the code of everyday cycling. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15(9), p. 1–20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239127. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction Cycling for transport could integrate physical activity (PA) into daily routines and potentially increase total PA levels. However, for parents with young children, most factors affecting transport mode choice tend to facilitate car use. Greater insight is necessary into reasons for (not) using sustainable transport modes in parents with young children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the experiences, including motives, perceptions, attitudes, and norms, of parents of young children by using an e-bike, a longtail bike, and a traditional bike for everyday travel to the workplace, kindergarten, and the grocery store during the autumn, winter, and spring, in nine months. Methods Semistructured focus group interviews were conducted with 18 parents of young children residing in southern Norway. Parents were recruited through Facebook announcements and direct contact with kindergartens, selected organisations, and companies in the Kristiansand municipality. Data were analysed by systematic text condensation by using NVivo V.11. Results Participants’ experiences were summarised by three main themes: ‘cycling is cumbersome’, ‘cycling reflects the desirable me’, and ‘breaking the cycling code’. Time use, planning, logistics, wet and cold weather, long distances, and no cycling habit were frequently mentioned barriers, and the most notable facilitator was the children’s attitude towards cycling. In general, children loved to cycle and preferred cycling to driving. Additionally, the freedom and independence of cycling were emphasised and valued. Conclusion In challenging weather conditions, parents of young children may experience cycling as cumbersome but desirable, and bike access could increase the feasibility of daily cycling.

• Mildestvedt, Thomas; Hovland, Olav Johannes; Berntsen, Sveinung; Bere, Elling Tufte & Fegran, Liv (2020). Getting Physically Active by E-Bike : An Active Commuting Intervention Study. Physical Activity and Health (PAAH). 4(1), p. 120–129. doi: 10.5334/paah.63/. Full text in Research Archive
• Johannessen, Berit; Høie, Magnhild; Haraldstad, Kristin; Helseth, Sølvi; Fegran, Liv & Westergren, Thomas [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). School nurses’ and teachers’ perceptions of pain in young immigrants living in Norway. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care. ISSN 1747-9894. 16(1). doi: 10.1108/IJMHSC-01-2019-0005.
• Grasaas, Erik; Helseth, Sølvi; Fegran, Liv; Stinson, Jennifer; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Haraldstad, Kristin (2020). Health-related quality of life in adolescents with persistent pain and the mediating role of self-efficacy: a cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 18(19). doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-1273-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Westergren, Thomas; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Audulv, Åsa; Aagaard, Hanne; Hall, Elisabeth O.C. & Pedersen, Mona Kyndi [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2020). Physical activity experiences of children and adolescents with asthma: a qualitative systematic review protocol. JBI Evidence Synthesis. ISSN 2689-8381. 18, p. 2390–2395. doi: 10.11124/JBIES-20-00004.
• Robstad, Anja Nastasja; Westergren, Thomas; Siebler, Frank; Söderhamn, Ulrika & Fegran, Liv (2019). Intensive care nurses' implicit and explicit attitudes and their behavioural intentions toward obese intensive care patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing. ISSN 0309-2402. 75(12), p. 3631–3642. doi: 10.1111/jan.14205.
• Grasaas, Erik; Fegran, Liv; Helseth, Sølvi; Stinson, Jennifer; Martinez, Santiago & Lalloo, Chitra [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). iCanCope With Pain: Cultural Adaptation and Usability Testing of a Self-Management App for Adolescents With Persistent Pain in Norway. JMIR Research Protocols. ISSN 1929-0748. 8(6), p. 1–14. doi: 10.2196/12940. Full text in Research Archive
• Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth; Fegran, Liv; Aagaard, Hanne & Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid (2018). Significant others’ experience of hospitalized patients’ transfer to home: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen. ISSN 1865-9217. 139, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.zefq.2018.11.006.
• Fegran, Liv (2018). At blive og være forældre til et sygt nyfødt barn . In Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth & Hall, Elisabeth (Ed.), Et omsorgsvidenskabeligt perspektiv som ramme for forskning : professor Emeritus Elisabeth O.C. Halls 80 år dag. Aarhus Universitetsforlag. ISSN 978-87-93117-63-1. p. 57–66. doi: ISBN%20978-87-93117-63-1.
• Marthinsen, Gunhild Nordbø; Helseth, Sølvi & Fegran, Liv (2018). Sleep and its relation to health in parents of preterm infants: a scoping review. BMC Pediatrics. ISSN 1471-2431. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1320-7. Full text in Research Archive
• Mikkelsen, Hilde Elisabeth Timenes ; Vassbakk Brovold, Karianne; Antonsen, Anne Jørstad; Berntsen, Sveinung; Kersten, Christian & Fegran, Liv (2018). Cancer Patients' Long-term Experiences of Participating in a Comprehensive Lifestyle Intervention Study While Receiving Chemotherapy. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000650. Show summary

  BACKGROUND: Lifestyle interventions seem promising with regard to cancer patients' potential for physical and psychological health benefits and as an empowerment tool. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge concerning cancer patients' longer-term experiences of participating in comprehensive lifestyle interventions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore cancer patients' long-term experiences of participating in a 12-month individualized comprehensive lifestyle intervention study focusing on physical activity, diet, smoking cessation, and stress management while receiving curative or palliative chemotherapy. METHODS: A qualitative design with semistructured interviews of 7 curative and 7 palliative cancer patients was conducted 12 months after inclusion in lifestyle intervention. Data were analyzed following a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. RESULTS: Two main themes emerged: (1) awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle during cancer treatment and (2) individual follow-up; it's good to have someone to talk to. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a 12-month comprehensive lifestyle intervention is both feasible and desirable in curative and palliative patients. However, although the curative participants' motivation and perceived ability to adhere to lifestyle recommendations increased during the intervention period, the palliative participants' perceived ability to adhere decreased even though they were overall highly motivated. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Our findings encourage the future implementation of lifestyle interventions during cancer treatment, even in cancer patients with advanced disease. However, when implementing lifestyle interventions, healthcare professionals must keep the patients' motivation, perceived ability to adhere to lifestyle recommendations, and individual needs in mind.

• Robstad, Anja Nastasja; Siebler, Frank; Söderhamn, Ulrika; Westergren, Thomas & Fegran, Liv (2018). Design and psychometric testing of instruments to measure qualified intensive care nurses' attitudes toward obese intensive care patients. Research in Nursing and Health. ISSN 0160-6891. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1002/nur.21914.
• Vassbakk-Brovold, Karianne ; Berntsen, Sveinung; Fegran, Liv; Lian, Henrik; Mjåland, Odd & Mjåland, Svein [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Lifestyle changes in cancer patients undergoing curative or palliative chemotherapy: is it feasible? Acta Oncologica. ISSN 0284-186X. 57(6), p. 831–838. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2017.1413247.
• Aagaard, Hanne; Hall, Elisabeth O.C.; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth & Fegran, Liv (2018). Parents´ experiences of neonatal transfer. A meta-study of qualitative research 2000-2017. Nursing Inquiry. ISSN 1320-7881. 25:e12231(3), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1111/nin.12231. Show summary

  Transfers of critically ill neonates are frequent phenomena. Even though parents’ participation is regarded as crucial in neonatal care, a transfer often means that parents and neonates are separated. A systematic review of the parents’ experiences of neonatal transfer is lacking. This paper describes a meta‐study addressing qualitative research about parents’ experiences of neonatal transfer. Through deconstruction and reflections of theories, methods, and empirical data, the aim was to achieve a deeper understanding of theoretical, empirical, contextual, historical, and methodological issues of qualitative studies concerning parents’ experiences of neonatal transfer over the course of this meta‐study (2000–2017). Meta‐theory and meta‐method analyses showed that caring, transition, and family‐centered care were main theoretical frames applied and that interviewing with a small number of participants was the preferred data collection method. The meta‐data‐analysis showed that transfer was a scary, unfamiliar, and threatening experience for the parents; they were losing familiar context, were separated from their neonate, and could feel their parenthood disrupted. We identified ‘wavering and wandering’ as a metaphoric representation of the parents’ experiences. The findings add knowledge about meta‐study as an approach for comprehensive qualitative research and point at the value of meta‐theory and meta‐method analyses.

• Johannessen, Berit; Helland, Sissel Heidi; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Fegran, Liv & Bere, Elling (2018). "A bumpy road": Kindergarten staff experiences of participation in an intervention to promote healthy diets in toddlers. Appetite. ISSN 0195-6663. 127, p. 37–43. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.008.
• Vassbakk-Brovold, Karianne ; Antonsen, Anne Jørstad; Berntsen, Sveinung; Kersten, Christian & Fegran, Liv (2018). Experiences of Patients With Breast Cancer of Participating in a Lifestyle Intervention Study While Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Cancer Nursing. ISSN 0162-220X. 41(3), p. 218–225. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000476.
• Westergren, Thomas; Berntsen, Sveinung; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Aagaard, Hanne; Hall, Elisabeth O. C. & Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Relationships between physical activity level and psychosocial and socioeconomic factors and issues in children and adolescents with asthma: A scoping review protocol. The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. ISSN 2202-4433. 15(2), p. 269–275. doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-002945. Show summary

  The first objective of this scoping review is to identify and map information about instruments used to measure psychosocial and socioeconomic factors associated with level of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with asthma that have been reported in quantitative literature, and to report on the construction and validation of these instruments. The second objective is to identify and map psychosocial and socioeconomic issues related to PA level reported in qualitative literature and gaps in the evidence on the relationship between psychosocial and socioeconomic factors and PA level in children and adolescents with asthma. Specifically the review questions are as follows: Which instruments have been used to assess the association between psychosocial and socioeconomic factors and PA level in children and adolescents with asthma in quantitative primary studies, and how has information about the construction, validity and reliability of these instruments been reported? Which psychosocial and socioeconomic issues related to PA level in children and adolescents with asthma have been explored in qualitative primary studies?

• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; Te Velde, Saskia J.; Fegran, Liv; Fyhri, Aslak & Deforche, Benedicte [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). From cars to bikes – the feasibility and effect of using e-bikes, longtail bikes and traditional bikes for transportation among parents of children attending kindergarten: design of a randomized cross-over trial. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4995-z.
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; te Velde, Saskia J.; Fegran, Liv; Fyhri, Aslak & Deforche, Benedicte [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). From cars to bikes – the feasibility and effect of using e-bikes, longtail bikes and traditional bikes for transportation among parents of children attending kindergarten: design of a randomized cross-over trial. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 17. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4995-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The present study aims to increase bicycling and level of physical activity (PA), and thereby promote health in parents of toddlers, by giving access to different bicycle types. There is a need for greater understanding of e-bikes and their role in the transportation network, and further effects on PA levels and health. Moreover, longtail bikes could meet certain practical needs not fulfilled by e-bikes or traditional bikes, hence increased knowledge regarding their feasibility should be obtained. No previous studies have investigated whether providing an e-bike or a longtail bike over an extended period in a sample of parents of toddlers influence objectively assessed amount of bicycling and total PA level, transportation habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and blood pressure. Methods A randomized cross-over trial will be performed, entailing that participants in the intervention group (n = 18) complete the following intervention arms in random order: (i) three months access to an e-bicycle with trailer for child transportation (n = 6), (ii) three months access to a longtail bicycle (n = 6), and (iii) three months access to a regular bicycle with trailer (n = 6), in total nine months. Also, a control group (n = 18) maintaining usual transportation and PA habits will be included. A convenience sample consisting of 36 parents of toddlers residing in Kristiansand municipality, Southern Norway, will be recruited. Total amount of bicycling (distance and time), total level of PA, and transportation habits will be measured at baseline and in connection to each intervention arm. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and blood pressure will be measured at baseline and post-intervention. Main outcome will be bicycling distance and time spent cycling. Discussion New knowledge relevant for the timely issues of public health and environmental sustainability will be provided among parents of toddlers, representing a target group of greatest importance. There is a call for research on the influence of e-bikes and longtail bikes on travel behavior and PA levels, and whether voluntary cycling could improve health. If the present study reveals promising results, it should be replicated in larger and more representative samples. Eventually, inclusion in national public health policies should be considered.

• Høie, Magnhild; Haraldstad, Kristin; Rohde, Gudrun E.; Fegran, Liv; Westergren, Thomas & Helseth, Sølvi [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). How school nurses experience and understand everyday pain among adolescents. BMC Nursing. ISSN 1472-6955. 16(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-017-0247-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Robstad, Anja Nastasja; Söderhamn, Ulrika & Fegran, Liv (2017). Intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for obese intensive care patients: a hermeneutic study. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. 27(1-2), p. 386–395. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13937. Show summary

  Aim and objectives: To obtain a deeper understanding of qualified intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for obese patients in intensive care. Background: Admission of obese patients with complex health care needs to intensive care units is increasing. Caring for obese critically ill patients can be challenging and demanding for the intensive care nurse because of the patients’ weight, critical situation, and physical challenges. There is a gap in knowledge at present about qualified intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for obese patients in intensive care units. Design: A qualitative hermeneutic approach. Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Method: The study took place in 2016 at intensive care units of two different hospitals. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 13 qualified intensive care nurses. The interviews were analysed according to a Gadamerian-inspired research method. Results: Intensive care nurses perceived caring for obese intensive care patients as emotionally demanding owing to these patients’ vulnerability, dissimilarity and physical challenges compared to normal weight patients. They experienced ambivalent feelings caring for these patients: while they endeavoured to provide good and equal care to all patients, they simultaneously held negative beliefs and attitudes towards obese patients. Furthermore, frustration arose among the intensive care nurses relating to the physically demanding care situations and an unwillingness to care for such patients among some colleagues. Conclusion: The qualified intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for obese patients revealed ambivalent feelings, attitudes, and beliefs towards these patients, which must be considered in intensive care unit practice as well as in the education of these nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: The results have implications for clinical practice with respect to increasing intensive care nurses’ awareness of their attitudes and beliefs towards obese intensive care patients and to improve the education of these nurses.

• Westergren, Thomas; Berntsen, Sveinung; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Aagaard, Hanne; Hall, Elisabeth O.C. & Ommundsen, Yngvar [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Relationships between physical activity level and psychosocial and socioeconomic factors and issues in children and adolescents with asthma: a scoping review. The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. ISSN 2202-4433. 15(8), p. 2183–2222. doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003308. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic airway disease which may reduce capability for physical activity. In healthy peers, physical activity is influenced by psychosocial and socioeconomic factors. Knowledge about the role of these factors has not been mapped in children and adolescents with asthma. Objective: The main objective of this scoping review was to identify psychosocial and socioeconomic factors associated with physical activity level in children and adolescents with asthma in the literature. The specific objectives were to map the instruments used to measure these factors, report on the construction and validation of these instruments, map psychosocial and socioeconomic issues related to physical activity level reported in qualitative studies, and identify gaps in knowledge about the relationship between psychosocial and socioeconomic factors and physical activity level in children and adolescents with asthma. Inclusion criteria: Types of participants: Children and adolescents with asthma aged six to 18 years. Concept: Psychosocial and socioeconomic factors related to physical activity level and participation. Context: All physical activity contexts. Types of sources: Quantitative and qualitative primary studies in English, with no date limit. Search strategy: The databases searched included nine major databases for health and sports science, and five databases for unpublished studies. After screening and identification of studies, the reference lists of all identified reports were searched, and forward citation searches were conducted using four databases. Extraction of the results: The following data were extracted: (a) relevant study characteristics and assessment of physical activity level, (b) instruments used to assess psychosocial and socioeconomic factors, (c) association between physical activity level and these factors, (d) construction and validation of instruments, and (e) psychosocial and socioeconomic issues related to physical activity participation. Presentation of the results: Twenty-one quantitative and 13 qualitative studies were included. In cross-sectional studies, enjoyment, physical self-concept, self-efficacy, attitudes and beliefs about physical activity and health, psychological distress, healthrelated quality of life, and social support were more often reported as being correlated with physical activity level. In three studies, the construct validity was assessed by factor analysis and construct reliability tests for the study population. Qualitative studies reported 10 issues related to physical activity participation, and capability and being like peers were most commonly reported. There was no direct evidence that qualitative research informed the development or adjustment of instruments in quantitative studies. Conclusions: Seven psychosocial factors correlated with physical activity level; capability and being like peers were the most commonly reported issues. Reports of the construction and validation of instruments were sparse.

• Vassbakk-Brovold, Karianne ; Kersten, Christian; Fegran, Liv; Mjåland, Odd; Mjåland, Svein & Seiler, Stephen [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Cancer patients participating in a lifestyle intervention during chemotherapy greatly over-report their physical activity level: a validation study. BMC sports science, medicine and rehabilitation. ISSN 2052-1847. 8(10). doi: 10.1186/s13102-016-0035-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Westergren, Thomas; Berntsen, Sveinung; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Håland, Geir & Fegran, Liv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Perceived exercise limitation in asthma: the role of disease severity, overweight and physical activity in children. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. ISSN 0905-6157. 28(1), p. 86–92. doi: 10.1111/pai.12670. Full text in Research Archive
• Westergren, Thomas; Fegran, Liv; Nilsen, Tonje; Haraldstad, Kristin; Kittang, Ole Bjørn & Berntsen, Sveinung (2016). Active play exercise intervention in children with asthma: a pilot study. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 2016:e009721(6), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009721. Full text in Research Archive
• Fegran, Liv; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Aagaard, Hanne; Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth; Westergren, Thomas & Hall, Elisabeth OC (2016). Experiences of health care providers in the transfer of adolescent or young adults with a chronic condition from pediatric to adult hospital care: a systematic review protocol protocol. The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. ISSN 2202-4433. 14(2), p. 38–48. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-2496.
• Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Hall, Elisabeth O.C.; Meyer, Gabriele; Fegran, Liv; Aagaard, Hanne & Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth (2016). Using Sandelowski and Barroso's Meta-Synthesis Method in Advancing Qualitative Evidence. Qualitative Health Research. ISSN 1049-7323. 26(3), p. 320–329. doi: 10.1177/1049732315576493.
• Aagaard, Hanne; Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid & Fegran, Liv (2015). Parents’ experiences of transition when their infants are discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a systematic review protocol. The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. ISSN 2202-4433. 32(10), p. 123–132. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2287. Show summary

  REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to identify, appraise and synthesize the best available studies exploring parents' experiences of transition when their infants are discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).The review questions are: BACKGROUND: Giving birth to a premature or sick infant is a stressful event for parents. The parents' presence and participation in the care of the infant is fundamental to reduce this stress and to provide optimal care for both the premature or sick infant and family. A full term pregnancy is estimated to last between 37 and 40 weeks. Preterm infants born before 28 week (5.1%) are defined as extremely preterm, while those who are born between 28 to 31 weeks (10.3%) are defined as very preterm. The majority of the preterm (84.1%) are born between 32 to 37 week and may have significant medical problems requiring prolonged hospitalization.The prevalence of preterm birth is increasing worldwide. More than one in ten babies are born preterm annually. This is equal to 15 million preterm infants born globally and the second largest direct cause of deaths in children below five. The highest rates of preterm birth are in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (more than 60%) and the lowest rates are in Northern Africa, Western Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. The preterm birth rates in the developing countries vary widely and follow a different pattern than in high income countries.The preterm birth rate has increased between 1990 and 2010 with an average of 0.8% annually in almost all countries. Morbidity among critically ill newborn and preterm infants vary widely from no late effects to severe complications, such as visual or hearing impairment, chronic lung disease, growth failure in infancy and specific learning impairments, dyslexia and reduced academic achievement. Full term infants may also experience significant health problems requiring neonatal intensive care. The most common reasons for a full term infant to be admitted to a NICU after birth are temperature instability, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal mortality. Admission of a full term newborn infant from home within the first four weeks after birth is due to jaundice, dehydration, respiratory complications, feeding difficulties, urinary tract infection, diarrhea and meningitis.In the last two to three decades, technological advances in neonatalogy have improved the survival rates of critically ill and preterm infants.Two major issues have influenced the design of the NICU wards: i) the increased volume of preterm infants with extremely low gestational age who need neonatalogy assistance, and ii) the impact of the parents' presence in the NICU to support the infant's development.The health status of preterm babies can have a significant impact on the family wellbeing and function. The separation between the preterm infant and the parents is a threat to the attachment and bonding process. Worldwide, there has been a paradigm shift in the NICUs over the last decade, inviting parents to be admitted together with the infant or at least to spend most of the day together with their critical ill and preterm infant in the NICU. Parental involvement increases the performing of Kangaroo Mother Care during the admission in the NICU and increases parental preparedness for discharge to home. This change prepares the parents to take over tasks such as nurturing and feeding. The parents are the most important caregivers for the infant during the admission in the NICU and their co-admission increases the bonding and prepare the parents for the transition discharged to home.Family centered care (FCC) based on a partnership between families and professionals is described as essential in current research on neonatal care. Family centered care is facilitated by parental involvement, communication based on mutuality and respect, and unrestricted parental presence in the NICU

• Sørby, Solveig & Fegran, Liv (2015). "En ny hverdag” - Mødres opplevelse av hverdagen med et prematurt barn, og støtten ved en ressurshelsestasjon. Nordisk tidsskrift for helseforskning. ISSN 1504-3614. 11(2), p. 61–75. doi: 10.7557/14.3709.

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• Håkstad, Katrine; Fegran, Liv; Hovden, Ewa Alicja Szyszko & Köpp, Unni Mette Stamnes (2024). Orofacial signs of child or adolescent maltreatment identified by dentists and dental hygienists.
• Fegran, Liv (2024). Transitions Theory – a relevant framework within nursing care?
• Eriksen, Alison Axisa; Fegran, Liv; Fredwall, Terje Emil & Larsen, Inger Beate (2023). Pasienters negative erfaringer med bruk av helsetjenester brakt frem i lyset av formelle klager: en kvalitativ metasyntese.
• Fegran, Liv (2023). Nurses’ and Doctors’ Experiences of Transferring Adolescents or Young Adults With Long-Term Health Conditions From Pediatric to Adult Care: A Metasynthesis. [Internet]. Podcast. Show summary

  Podcast published on the jorunal's website, linked to published article in fulltext.

• Robstad, Anja Nastasja & Fegran, Liv (2023). The lived experiences of obese patients during hospital admissions .
• Fegran, Liv (2023). Parents’ lived experiences of parenting in neonatal care units - a review of publications between 2003-2023.
• Føreland, Anne Marit; Engesland, Helene; Kristoffersen, Laila Marie & Fegran, Liv (2023). Tidlig hudkontakt er viktig også ved svært premature fødsler. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleiens.2023.91977.
• Fegran, Liv (2022). A future-oriented perspective on parent-nurse collaboration in neonatal care - where do we stand, and where are we going?
• Fegran, Liv (2022). The complexity of young people's transfer from pediatric to adult care – using systematic literature reviews to expand our understanding of the lifeworld of the involved participants .
• Fegran, Liv & Føreland, Anne Marit (2022). Sykepleieforskning: Hvorfor skal sykepleiere forske?
• Aagaard, Hanne; Hall, Elisabeth O.C.; Audulv, Åsa; Pedersen, Mona Kyndi; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid & Westergren, Thomas [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Parents@ experiences of transition from NICU to home with and ELBW or WLBW infant: a metaethnography of qualitative research 2009-2019.
• Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Hall, Elisabeth O. C.; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Aagaard, Hanne & Fegran, Liv (2021). Effect sizes in qualitative research synthesis: How effect size calculations improve the quality of qualitative research synthesis.
• Audulv, Åsa; Hall, Elisabeth O. C.; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas; Kneck, Åsa & Pedersen, Mona Kyndi [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Exploring longitudinal qualitative research method using adapted scoping review method: Lessons learnt while conducting research on research.
• Fegran, Liv; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Westergren, Per Christer Thomas & Aagaard, Hanne (2021). A meta-aggregative approach to the synthesis of nurses' and physicians' experiences in a health-care contex.
• Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Fegran, Liv; Aagaard, Hanne & Audulv, Åsa (2021). Symposium: Analysis and synthesis in systematic reviews – how to capture the quality of qualitative findings.
• Fegran, Liv (2020). Qualitative review methods - Metasynthesis .
• Fegran, Liv (2020). Methods for systematic review - metasynthesis.
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; Te Velde, Saskia; Deforche, Benedicte; Fegran, Liv & Fyhri, Aslak [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). E-bikes for family transportation: Project From Cars to Bikes.
• Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid & Fegran, Liv (2019). Kvalitative metoder i sygepleje. In Hundborg, Steen (Eds.), Sygepleje & klinisk lederskab - bind 2. FADL's Forlag a/s. ISSN 9788793590359. p. 330–357.
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; Te Velde, Saskia; Fegran, Liv; Fyhri, Aslak & Deforche, Benedicte [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). From cars to bikes – the feasibility and effect of using e-bikes, longtail bikes and traditional bikes for transportation among parents of children attending kindergarten.
• Westergren, Thomas; Berntsen, Sveinung & Fegran, Liv (2018). PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF ASTHMA RELATED EXERCISE LIMITATION IN THE LITERATURE.
• Ebitu, Anne Katrine S; Fegran, Liv; Hovland, Olav Johannes; Johannessen, Berit & Haraldstad, Kristin (2018). The Banana project- A qualitative study of parents and teachers experiences of pre-school children participating in a banana project at a pre-school in TZ.
• Dalsmo, Ingrid Espegren; Haraldstad, Kristin; Johannessen, Berit; Hovland, Olav Johannes & Fegran, Liv (2018). School drop-outs and health-promotion campaigns in Tanga-region, Tanzania.
• Fegran, Liv (2018). Å bli og være foreldre til et sykt nyfødt barn.. .
• Aagaard, Hanne; Hall, Elisabeth O.C.; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Fegran, Liv & Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth (2018). Challenges in using meta-study in advancing qualitative evidence. .
• Løyland, Borghild; Hwiid Klausen, Susanne; Angelhoff, Charlotte; Kristjansdottir, Gudrun; Sjølie, Hege & Winger, Anette [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2018). Nordic Network for Research in Children and Parents' Sleep.
• Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth; Aagaard, Hanne; Fegran, Liv; Hall, Elisabeth O.C. & Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid (2017). Significant others’ experience of hospitalized patients’ transfer to home: A systematic review and metasynthesis.
• Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Hall, Elisabeth O.C.; Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth; Aagaard, Hanne; Westergren, Thomas & Fegran, Liv (2017). A systematic review and metasynthesis of parent experiences of chronic ill adolescents and young adult's transfer from pediatric to adult care.
• Westergren, Thomas; Mowinckel, Petter; Håland, Geir; Fegran, Liv & Berntsen, Sveinung (2017). Opplever barn med astma at sykdommen begrenser deltakelse i fysisk aktivitet? Best Practice Lungemedisin i Norge. 7(25), p. 13–15.
• Westergren, Thomas; Fegran, Liv; Nilsen, Tonje; Haraldstad, Kristin; Kittang, Ole Bjørn & Berntsen, Sveinung (2017). Involving perceptions of children with asthma in the controlled exercise intervention – the PLAY-framework.
• Fegran, Liv; Haraldstad, Kristin; Westergren, Thomas; Johannessen, Berit; Slettebø, Åshild & Helseth, Sølvi [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Adolescents and young adults’ experiences of living with everyday pain – a qualitative metasynthesis .
• Robstad, Anja Nastasja; Söderhamn, Ulrika & Fegran, Liv (2017). Intensive care nurses’ experiences of caring for obese intensive care patients: a hermeneutic study.
• Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Hall, Elisabeth; Meyer, Gabriele; Fegran, Liv; Aagaard, Hanne & Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth (2016). Using Sandelowski and Barroso’s qualitative research synthesis in advancing evidence.
• Westergren, Thomas; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Carlsen, Kai-Håkon; Mowinckel, Petter; Fegran, Liv & Berntsen, Sveinung (2016). Basic self-reports as an indicator of physical activity. European Respiratory Journal. ISSN 0903-1936. 48. doi: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.PA1253.
• Westergren, Thomas; Berntsen, Sveinung; Ommundsen, Yngvar; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Aagaard, Hanne & Hall, Elisabeth O.C. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2016). Advancing nursing science through multidisciplinary collaboration: experiences from the field of physical activity in children with asthma.
• Fegran, Liv; Ludvigsen, Mette Spliid; Uhrenfeldt, Lisbeth; Aagaard, Hanne; Westergren, Thomas & Hall, E.O.C (2016). Metasyntheses of nurses’ and physicians’ experiences - the challenge of extracting data from studies with multiple participating health care providers.
• Vassbakk-Brovold, Karianne; Berntsen, Sveinung; Kersten, Christian; Fegran, Liv; Seiler, Stephen & Mjåland, Svein (2015). DO CANCER PATIENTS RE-CALL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FROM LAST WEEK?
• Haraldstad, Kristin; Rohde, Gudrun Elin; Fegran, Liv; Høie, Magnhild & Johannessen, Berit A. T. (2015). Ungdom får hverdagsvondt av sosialt press http://forskning.no/smertelindring-sykepleievitenskap-barn-og-ungdom-skole-og-utdanning/2015/11/far-hverdagsvondt-av. [Internet]. Forskning.no.
• Westergren, Thomas; Carlsen, Karin C. Lødrup; Mowinckel, Petter; Håland, Geir; Fegran, Liv & Berntsen, Sveinung [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2015). EXERCISE INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION IN CHILDREN WITHOUT ASTHMA.
• Wik, Gunnar; Thomassen, Synnøve Nepstad & Fegran, Liv (2021). Tverrfaglig oppfølging av hjertesyke barn ved SSHF. Foreningen for hjertesyke barn.

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