Enrique Blanco Gonzalez

• Liu, Yajie; Rafoss, Trond; Oliva Turbis, Luis F. & Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2024). Stakeholders' perception and willingness-to-pay for an aquaculture-based fisheries enhancement program for coastal cod in Southern Norway. Aquaculture. ISSN 0044-8486. 591, p. 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.741111.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & de Boer, Femke (2021). The development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish in the salmon aquaculture industry. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. ISSN 0021-5392. 87(4). doi: 10.2331/suisan.125J.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & de Boer, Femke (2021). Correction to: The development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish in the salmon aquaculture industry. Fisheries Science. ISSN 0919-9268. 87(3), p. 425–426. doi: 10.1007/s12562-021-01502-z.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & de Boer, Femke (2021). The development of the Norwegian wrassefishery and the use of wrasses as cleanerfish in the salmon aquaculture industry (Review Article). Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. ISSN 0021-5392. 87(4), p. 322–322.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2019). Biological Control of Sea Lice Infestation in the Norwegian Salmon Aquaculture: Are Cleaner Fish a Solution? Journal of Integrated Field Science. ISSN 2434-4761. 16, p. 2–3.
• Mattingsdal, Morten; Jorde, Per Erik; Knutsen, Halvor; Jentoft, Sissel; Stenseth, Nils Christian & Sodeland, Marte [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2019). Demographic history has shaped the strongly differentiated corkwing wrasse populations in Northern Europe. Molecular Ecology. ISSN 0962-1083. p. 1–12. doi: 10.1111/mec.15310. Full text in Research Archive
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Espeland, Sigurd Heiberg; Jentoft, Sissel; Hansen, Michael Møller; Robalo, Joana I. & Stenseth, Nils Christian [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Interbreeding between local and translocated populations of a cleaner fish in an experimental mesocosm predicts risk of disrupted local adaptation. Ecology and Evolution. ISSN 2045-7758. 9(11), p. 6665–6677. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5246. Full text in Research Archive
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Torstensnes, Ingrid & Naito, Mana (2019). Embryonic development in corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. ISSN 0893-8849. 50(5), p. 993–1001. doi: 10.1111/jwas.12610. Full text in Research Archive
• Mattingsdal, Morten; Jentoft, Sissel; Tørresen, Ole K.; Knutsen, Halvor; Hansen, Michael Möller & Robalo, Joana I. [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). A continuous genome assembly of the corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops). Genomics. ISSN 0888-7543. 110(6), p. 399–403. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.04.009.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & de Boer, Femke (2017). The development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish in the salmon aquaculture industry. Fisheries Science. ISSN 0919-9268. 83(5), p. 661–670. doi: 10.1007/s12562-017-1110-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Norway leads the world aquaculture production of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon is currently consumed around the globe. However, sea lice infestation is a major problem faced by the salmon aquaculture industry in Norway and elsewhere. The use of wild-caught cleaner fish, mainly wrasses, has been recommended over the other available methods as the most economical and environmentally friendly option to control sea lice infestation in salmon farming. Here, we review the development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses as cleaner fish. In this document, we address the sea lice problem and introduce the main wrasse species employed as cleaner fish, document the cleaning behaviour of wrasses, present the development of a new wrasse fishery associated with the salmon aquaculture industry, and finally, we identify the main challenges associated with the intensive use of wild-caught cleaner wrasses and provide some insight for future directions of the wrasse fishery and further development of aquaculture techniques to supply salmon facilities with domesticated cleaner fish.

• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Knutsen, Halvor & Jorde, Per Erik (2016). Habitat discontinuities separate genetically divergent populations of a rocky shore marine fish. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 11(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163052. Full text in Research Archive
• Knutsen, Halvor; Jorde, Per Erik; Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Eigaard, Ole Ritzau; Pereyra, Ricardo T. & Sannæs, Hanne [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2015). Does population genetic structure support present management regulations of the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis)in Skagerrak and the North Sea? ICES Journal of Marine Science. ISSN 1054-3139. 72, p. 863–871. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu204.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Aritaki, Masato; Knutsen, Halvor & Taniguchi, Nobuhiko (2015). Effects of large-scale releases on the genetic structure of red sea bream (Pagrus major, Temminck et Schlegel) populations in Japan. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 10(5), p. 1–20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125743. Full text in Research Archive
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Knutsen, Halvor; Jorde, Per Erik; Glover, Kevin & Bergstad, Odd Aksel (2014). Genetic analyses of ling (Molva molva) in the Northeast Atlantic reveal patterns relevant to stock assessments and management advice. ICES Journal of Marine Science. ISSN 1054-3139. 72(2), p. 635–641. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu135. Show summary

  The ling, Molva molva, is a commercially exploited demersal gadid fish distributed throughout the Northeast Atlantic. Here, we provide the first study of population genetic structure by genotyping 6 geographically distinct samples with 11 microsatellite DNA markers. The results rejected the hypothesis of a single ling stock in the Northeast Atlantic, and rather suggested the existence of two or more groups, with the main grouping represented by a western (comprising Rockall and Iceland) and an eastern group (Faroe Bank, Norway). Significant genetic differences coincide with an expanse of deep water that probably limits connectivity facilitated by migration. Retention in gyres and directional oceanic circulation may also prevent drift and admixture during planktonic life stages. On the other hand, the apparent absence of genetic differentiation within the eastern part of the distribution range indicates gene flow, perhaps by larval drift and migration, over considerable distances. Our findings should contribute to improving stock assessments and monitoring and thus fisheries management advice for the ling.

• Taniguchi, Nobuhiko; Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & Noguchi, Daiki (2013). Genetic population structure and risk simulation of stock enhancement program. In Aritaki, M. (Eds.), Stock enhancement and risk management for coastal fishery resources – Monitoring on genetic diversity and efficiency of stock enhancement. Kouseisha Kouseikaku. ISSN 978-4769914600. p. 110–127.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Aritaki, Masato; Sakurai, Shigeru & Taniguchi, Nobuhiko (2013). Inference of potential genetic risks associated with large-scale releases of Red Sea bream in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis. Marine Biotechnology. ISSN 1436-2228. 15(2), p. 206–220. doi: 10.1007/s10126-012-9479-7. Show summary

  Since 1978, millions of hatchery-reared red sea bream (Pagrus major) juveniles have been released in Sagami Bay and Tokyo Bay in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The stock enhancement program has contributed to total catch; however, no information regarding the genetic interactions with wild counterparts is available. Here, we combined 15 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial D-loop sequencing to characterize the genetic resources of red sea bream in Sagami Bay and Tokyo Bay and to elucidate the potential harmful genetic effects associated with fish releases. Both types of markers evidenced higher levels of genetic diversity in wild samples (SB and TB) compared with offspring before stocking (H07 and H08) as well as a hatchery-released sample recaptured in Sagami Bay (HR). Microsatellite FST estimates and Bayesian clustering analysis found significant genetic differences among samples (FST00.013–0.054), except for the two wild samples (FST00.002) and HR vs. H07 (FST00.007). On the other hand, mitochondrial-based ФST suggested haplotypic similarity between SB, H07, and HR. The low effective number of females contributing to the offspring over multiple generations may be responsible for the lack of haplotypic differentiation. Moreover, the putative hatchery origin to three fish (8 %) without deformity in the inter-nostril epidermis was inferred for the first time. Our results showed the usefulness of combining nuclear and mitochondrial markers to elucidate genetic interactions between hatchery-released and wild red sea bream and warned about potential harmful genetic effects should interbreeding takes place.

• Knutsen, Halvor; Jorde, Per Erik; Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Robalo, Joana I.; Albretsen, Jon & Almada, Vitor C. (2013). Climate Change and Genetic Structure of Leading Edge and Rear End Populations in a Northwards Shifting Marine Fish Species, the Corkwing Wrasse (Symphodus melops). PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 8(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067492. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  One mechanism by which marine organisms may respond to climate shifts is range shifts. The corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) is a temperate fish species, inhabiting the coasts of Europe, that show strong indications of current as well as historical (ice-age) range shifts towards the north. Nine neutral microsatellite DNA markers were screened to study genetic signatures and spatial population structure over the entire geographic and thermal gradient of the species from Portugal to Norway. A major genetic break (FST = 0.159 average among pairs) was identified between Scandinavian and more southern populations, with a marked reduction (30% or more) in levels of genetic variability in Scandinavia. The break is probably related to bottleneck(s) associated with post-glacial colonization of the Scandinavian coasts, and indicates a lack of present gene flow across the North Sea. The lack of gene flow can most likely be attributed to the species’ need for rocky substrate for nesting and a relatively short pelagic larval phase, limiting dispersal by ocean currents. These findings demonstrate that long-distance dispersal may be severely limited in the corkwing wrasse, and that successful range-shifts following present climate change may be problematic for this and other species with limited dispersal abilities, even in the seemingly continuous marine environment.

• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & Umino, Tetsuya (2012). Managing the genetic resources in the intensive stock enhancement program carried out on black sea bream in Hiroshima Bay. In Caliskan, Mahmut (Eds.), Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals. IntechOpen. ISSN 978-953-51-0093-5. p. 217–230. doi: 10.5772/38473.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Aritaki, Masato & Taniguchi, Nobuhiko (2012). Microsatellite multiplex panels for genetic studies of red sea bream. Fisheries Science. ISSN 0919-9268. 73, p. 603–611. doi: 10.1007/s12562-012-0469-5.
• Umino, Tetsuya; Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Saito, Hidetoshi & Nakagawa, Heisuke (2011). Problems associated with the recovery on landings of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) intensively released in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. In Ceccaldi, Hubert-Jean; Dekeyser, Ivan; Girault, Mathias & Stora, Georges (Ed.), Global Change: Mankind-Marine Environment Interactions : Proceedings of the 13th French-Japanese Oceanography Symposium. Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. ISSN 978-90-481-8629-7. p. 37–40. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-8630-3_7.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Taniguchi, Nobuhiko & Umino, Tetsuya (2010). Can ordinary single-day egg collection increase the effective population size in broodstock management programs? Breeder-offspring assignment in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) through two-hourly intervals. Aquaculture. ISSN 0044-8486. 308, p. S12–S19. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.031.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Murakami, Tomoya; Teshima, Yuki; Yoshioka, Kouji; Jeong, Dal-Sang & Umino, Tetsuya (2009). Paternity testing on wild black rockfish Sebastes inermis (brownish type) from the Seto Inland Sea. Ichthyological Research. ISSN 1341-8998. 56, p. 87–91. doi: 10.1007/s10228-008-0055-0.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & Umino, Tetsuya (2009). Fine-scale genetic structure derived from stocking black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854), in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. ISSN 0175-8659. 25, p. 407–410. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01249.x.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Murakami, Tomoya; Yoneji, Takashi; Nagasawa, Kazuya & Umino, Tetsuya (2009). Reduction in size-at-age of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) following intensive releases of cultured juveniles in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. Fisheries Research. ISSN 0165-7836. 99, p. 130–133. doi: 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.04.013.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Nagasawa, Kazuya & Umino, Tetsuya (2008). Stock enhancement program for black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) in Hiroshima Bay: monitoring the genetic effects. Aquaculture. ISSN 0044-8486. 276, p. 36–43. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.02.004.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Umino, Tetsuya & Nagasawa, Kazuya (2008). Stock enhancement program for black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) in Hiroshima Bay, Japan: a review. Aquaculture Research. ISSN 1355-557X. 39, p. 1307–1315. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01996.x.
• Infante, Carlos; Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Zuasti, Eugenia; Crespo, Aniela & Manchado, Manuel (2007). Phylogenetic differentiation between Atlantic Scomber colias and Pacific Scomber japonicus based on nuclear DNA sequences. Genetica. ISSN 0016-6707. 130, p. 1–8. doi: 10.1007/s10709-006-0014-5.
• Jeong, Dal-Sang; Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Morishima, Kagayaki; Arai, Katsutoshi & Umino, Tetsuya (2007). Parentage assignment of stocked black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli in Hiroshima Bay using microsatellite DNA markers. Fisheries Science. ISSN 0919-9268. 73, p. 823–830. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-2906.2007.01402.x.
• Murakami, Tomoya; Aida, Satoshi; Yoshioka, Kouji; Yoshida, Harumi; Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & Nishibori, Masahide [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2006). Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA as genetic tags for stocked population of black rockfish Sebastes inermis of hatchery origin. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. ISSN 0021-5392. 72, p. 710–716. doi: 10.2331/suisan.72.710.

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• Liu, Yajie; Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & Oliva Turbis, Luis F. (2023). Socio-economic perception of fisheries enhancement in Agder.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2023). Recent scientific advances in coastal cod ecology & genetics: a potential for restocking? .
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & Gaeta, Federico Håland (2023). Na er resultatet fra lokale havnespy undersokelser kommet. [Newspaper]. Agder Flekkefjords Tidende.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & Gaeta, Federico Håland (2023). Vær oppmerksom på «havnespyet». [Newspaper]. Agder Flekkefjords Tidende.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & Gaeta, Federico Håland (2023). Dette er en fremmed art den truer med a innta flekkefjord. [Newspaper]. Agder Flekkefjords Tidende.
• Gonzalez, Ruby & Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2019). Restricted translocations needed to preserve cleaner fish genetic diversity: study. [Business/trade/industry journal]. Hatchery International.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2019). Genetic monitoring contributes to preserve local genetic diversity and the adaptive potential of translocated wrasses, and insights into the threat of climate change .
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Præbel, Kim & Wangensteen Fuentes, Owen Simon (2019). Unfolding the secrets of environmental DNA as the next generation survey tool.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2019). Survival of the fittest, adaptive response of cleaner fish and the implications for sea lice eating performance.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2019). Current challenges in the Norwegian salmon aquaculture: are cleaner fish a solution?
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & Pontecorvo, Emily (2018). On Fish Farms, Peppermint Shrimp Clean Up Nicely. [Journal]. Hakai Magazine.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2018). Técnicas de cultivo y repoblación de erizo de mar y abalone en Europa y Japón "Rearing techniques and releases of sea urchin and abalone in Europe and Japan" .
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Jentoft, Sissel; Hansen, Michael Møller; Knutsen, Halvor; Sodeland, Marte & Mattingsdal, Morten [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2018). Understanding adaptation in translocating wrasses.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2018). Cleaner wrasses and their use in salmon farming in Norway .
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2018). Recent advances in corkwing wrasse biology research.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2017). Adaptive response of translocated fish to climate change.
• Mattingsdal, Morten & Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2017). Corkwing wrasse genome analysis.
• Mattingsdal, Morten & Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2017). Population genomics (whole genome re-seq) analysis of corkwing wrasse.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2017). Project update and next steps discussion.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Jan Arve, Olsen & Jan Arve, Olsen (2017). Forskere kaller leppefisken for et ikke-bærekraftig eksperiment. [Internet]. Forskning.no. Show summary

  Leppefisken skal holde lakselusa i sjakk. Men nå er forskere bekymret for hvordan den påvirker resten av havet

• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2016). Project update Havkyst #234328.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2016). Cleaner fish as biological control of sea lice infestation in Norway.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Knutsen, Halvor & Jorde, Per Erik (2016). Seascape genomics in a growing fishery: the case of a translocated cleaner fish, the corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops).
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Knutsen, Halvor & Jorde, Per Erik (2015). Genetic and phenotypic characterization of local and translocated corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) populations.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Jorde, Per Erik & Knutsen, Halvor (2015). Climate change and the development of the corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) fishery in Scandinavia: genetic population structure and potential implication of translocated cleaner fish.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2015). Genetic characterization of corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) (grønngylt) populations in Norway and potential for local adaptation.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2015). Corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops): current applications and future challenges for aquaculture and climate change studies.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2014). La maruca se aisla en un Gueto. [Newspaper]. La Voz de Galicia, Spain.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Knutsen, Halvor & Jorde, Per Erik (2014). Population structure of corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) in Norway.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2014). Corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops): translocations and biology .
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique; Knutsen, Halvor; Jorde, Per Erik; Glover, Kevin & Bergstad, Odd Aksel (2014). Population structure of ling (Molva molva) in the Northeast Atlantic and its implications for stock assessments and management advice.
• Storsæter, Jonas & Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2023). Development of a marine rocky shore sampling device for larvae and juvenile fish and invertebrates. Universitetet i Agder.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Hassan, Adam & Finkenhagen, Benjamin (2023). Assessing fish species composition dynamics in response to lobster fishing season outside Flødevigen. Universitetet i Agder.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Gaeta, Federico Håland; Svensen, Erling; Naito, Mana; Thjømøe, Pål & Tjåland, Ulf (2023). Overvåkning og fjerning av havnespy i UNESCO Magma Geopark. Norwegian Environment Agency. Show summary

  Carpet sea squirt, havnespy, Didemnum vexillum is an invasive colonial tunicate originally from the Northwest Pacific with a tremendous potential to spread mainly via ballast waters and hull fouling as well as during the handling operations of the aquaculture industry. Initially found in Norway in November 2020, th e species represent s a major threat for the local marine biodiversity as well as for the maritime and aquaculture industr ies . A recent study documented the presence of carpet sea squirt in Norway by filtering 10 l of seawater and performing a genetic analysis , qPCR, looking for traces of DNA from the target spec ies. In this study, we tested the effectiveness and sensitivity of two recently developed qPCR assays specifically designed for the detection of carpet sea squirt reducing the volume of filtered seawater to 1 l . This amount of water is a common volume filtered for biodiversity assessment studies that would ease the logistics to sample water by a small boat in areas inaccessible or of difficult access from shore. Later on, the approach was implemented to monitor the potential spread of t he species along the UNESC O Magma Geopark by analyzing 24 samples collected at 8 selected sites in Flekkefjord, in the easter limit of the Geopark. The results evidence the capabilities of eDNA analysis from 1 l seawater for early detection of the invasive colonial tunicate carpet sea squirt. The absence of a positive signal in any of the water samples collected in Flekkefjord suggests that the species has not established in the easter side of the UNESCO Magma Ge opark. However, considering the tremendous capacity of the species to spread rapidly and the current uncertainty on how abiotic and biotic factors may affect the spatial and temporal dynamics and persistence of eDNA in saltwater, further studies should be conducted to measure the spatial and temporal sensitivity of the method by filtering alternative volumes of water . Additional efforts to prevent further spread and removal of established colonies should be also investigated.

• Nilsen, Erling; Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique ; Stien, Lars Helge & Hvas, Malthe (2018). Do diploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have a higher swimming capacity than triploid? Universitetet i Agder.
• Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique & de Boer, Femke (2016). Using morphological features to predict the length of juvenile corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) under semi-natural conditions. University of Aberdeen.
• Torstensnes, Ingrid & Blanco Gonzalez, Enrique (2016). Embryonic development of corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops. Universitetet i Agder.

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