Anne Valen Skisland

• Andresen, Gunvor S.; Johannessen, Berit A. T.; Rohde, Gudrun E.; Haraldstad, Kristin & Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad (2023). Læreres erfaringer med veiledning av sykepleierstudenter i kliniske studier gjennom covid-19 pandemien. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. 18. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleienf.2023.92297.
• Rohde, Gudrun E.; Johannessen, Berit; Maaseide, Markus; Flateland, Sylvi Monika; Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad & Moi, Ellen Benestad [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Being a nursing student during the coronavirus pandemic: a mixed methods study. BMC Nursing. ISSN 1472-6955. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01218-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Moi, Ellen Benestad; Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad; Johannessen, Berit; Haraldstad, Kristin; Rohde, Gudrun E. & Flateland, Sylvi Monika (2022). Working as a nurse in community health services during Covid-19: a qualitative study . BMC Nursing. ISSN 1472-6955. 21(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-01141-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Rohde, Gudrun E.; Johannessen, Berit; Maaseide, Markus; Flateland, Sylvi Monika; Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad & Moi, Ellen Benestad [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Baccalaureate nursing students’ experiences of how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced learning – a mixed method study. BMC Nursing. ISSN 1472-6955. 21(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00955-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Johannessen, Berit; Flateland, Sylvi Monika; Haraldstad, Kristin; Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad & Rohde, Gudrun E. (2022). Being an ethnic minority nursing student- A meta synthesis. Journal of Professional Nursing. ISSN 8755-7223. 40(May-June), p. 111–121. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.03.011. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Our society is characterized by a general globalization and has become more culturally diverse. This diversity is mirrored in nursing education. Purpose The purpose of the meta-synthesis is to identify and synthesize data from primary, qualitative studies of ethnic minority nursing students' experiences in a nursing program. Method Electronic databases, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL, were searched for studies published in English or Nordic languages from 1980 to February 2020. Results The search generated 1070 unique citations, of which 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. The included studies had a total sample size of 255 students, age range 19–50 years. The participants originated from Asia (65), Africa (53), South America (45), and Eastern Europe (17). Seventy-five students' origins were unknown. The meta-synthesis revealed that participants' experiences were characterized by four main themes: to understand and be understood; the importance of supportive relations; motivated but emotionally distressed; and conflicting cultural expectations. Conclusion Ethnic minority nursing students experienced challenges related to language, socialization, cultural awareness, and relations with educators and other students. To meet the students' needs and increase their graduation rates, educational institutions and supervisors should work to promote and facilitate their integration and provide a good learning environment.

• Flateland, Sylvi Monika; Pryce-Miller, Maxine; Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad; Tønsberg, Anne K. Flaatten & Söderhamn, Ulrika (2019). Exploring the experiences of being an ethnic minority student within undergraduate nurse education: a qualitative study. BMC Nursing. ISSN 1472-6955. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-019-0389-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad; Flateland, Sylvi Monika; Tønsberg, Anne K. Flaatten & Söderhamn, Ulrika (2018). Praksisveiledning av minoritetsspråklige sykepleierstudenter krever mer tid og tilrettelegging . Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. 13(73021). doi: 10.4220/sykepleienf.2018.73021. Show summary

  SAMMENDRAG Bakgrunn: Forskning blant sykepleierstudenter viser at studenter med minoritetsspråklig bakgrunn har et stort behov for veiledning og oppfølging på grunn av manglende språkforståelse. Det tar tid å tilegne seg både lingvistisk og kommunikativ kompetanse, og det er viktig at studentene får et tilpasset opplegg for å gjennomføre utdanningen. Hensikt: Å belyse praksisveilederes erfaringer med å veilede minoritetsspråklige sykepleierstudenter i en sykehuskontekst. Metode: Studien har et kvalitativt design med individuelle intervjuer med ti praksisveiledere fra ulike avdelinger ved et sykehus i et regionalt helseforetak i Helse Sør-Øst. Vi analyserte dataene ved hjelp av manifest innholdsanalyse. Resultat: Praksisveilederne syntes det var utfordrende å veilede minoritetsspråklige studenter på grunn av studentenes språkforståelse. Det er behov for mer tid til veiledning og forbedret samarbeid mellom utdanningsinstitusjonen og praksisfeltet. Konklusjon: Denne studien viser at minoritetsspråklige sykepleierstudenter har språkutfordringer, og at det trengs mer tid til veiledning. Praksisfeltet på sykehus og utdanningsinstitusjoner må samarbeide for å skape en god læresituasjon for de minoritetsspråklige sykepleierstudentene. Det er derfor et stort behov for å legge til rette for individuell oppfølging av minoritetsspråklige studenter i bachelorutdanningen i sykepleie. Sykepleiere har et faglig, etisk og personlig ansvar for pasienter og pårøre

• Slettebø, Åshild; Skaar, Ragnhild; Brodtkorb, Kari & Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad (2018). Conflicting rationales: leader’s experienced ethical Challenges in community health care for older people. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. ISSN 0283-9318. 32(2), p. 645–653. doi: 10.1111/scs.12490.
• Moe, Karen; Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad & Söderhamn, Ulrika (2017). Encountering parents of a sick newborn child. When nurses encounter parents with a sick newborn child, it is vital that they see them as individuals and establish a relationship based on empathy. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. 12. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleienf.2017.62155. Show summary

  Bakgrunn: For mange foreldre er det stressende å oppleve at det nyfødte barnet deres innlegges på neonatalavdeling. Sykepleiere som møter foreldrene, trenger kunnskap om kommunikasjon og relasjonskompetanse for å gi støtte i henhold til foreldrenes erfaringer og behov. Hensikt: Å beskrive sykepleieres erfaringer med hva som er viktig i møtet og samtalen med foreldre til et nyfødt, sykt barn.  Metode: Studien har en kvalitativ design med fenomenologisk tilnærming, som innebærer en nøyaktig beskrivelse av informantenes opplevelse av et fenomen. Vi gjennomførte individuelle intervjuer med fem sykepleiere fra en neonatalavdeling. Intervjuene ble analysert ved hjelp av en deskriptiv fenomenologisk forskningsmetode. Resultat: I møtet med foreldrene beskrev informantene det som avgjørende å etablere en relasjon basert på empati, der den enkelte forelderen ble sett, der det ble gitt rom for gjensidig informasjonsutveksling, og der foreldrenes opplevelse av mestring ble fremmet. Når disse aspektene var til stede, opplevde informantene at det ble et godt møte og en god samtale. Uten disse aspektene ble møtene og samtalene beskrevet som mindre vellykkete. Konklusjon: Resultatene understreker at sykepleiere har ansvar for å etablere en empatisk relasjon og møte hver enkelt forelder der de er i prosessen for å hjelpe dem å mestre den sårbare livssituasjonen de befinner seg i.

• Brodtkorb, Kari; Skisland, Anne Valen ; Slettebø, Åshild & Skaar, Ragnhild (2017). Preserving dignity in end-of-life nursing home care : some ethical challenges. Nordic journal of nursing research. ISSN 2057-1585. 37(2), p. 78–84. doi: 10.1177/2057158516674836. Full text in Research Archive
• Brodtkorb, Kari; Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad; Slettebø, Åshild & Skaar, Ragnhild (2015). Ethical challenges in care for older patients who resist help. Nursing Ethics. ISSN 0969-7330. 22(6), p. 631–641. doi: 10.1177/0969733014542672. Show summary

  Abstract Background: Situations where patients resist necessary help can be professionally and ethically challenging for health professionals and the risk of paternalism, abuse and coercion are present. Research question: The purpose of the current study was to examine ethical challenges in situations where the patient resists health care. Research design: The method used was clinical application research. Academic staff and clinical co-researchers collaborated in a hermeneutical process to shed light on situations and create a basis for new action. Participants and research context: Four research groups were established. Each group consisted of six to eight clinical co-researchers, all employees with different health profession backgrounds and from different parts of the municipal health care services, and two scientific researchers. Ethical considerations: The study was conducted in compliance with ethical guidelines and principles. Participants were informed that participation was voluntary and that confidentiality would be maintained. They signed a consent form. Findings: The findings showed that the situations where patients opposed help related to personal hygiene, detention in an institution and medication associated with dental treatment. The situations were perceived as demanding and emotionally stressful for the clinicians. Discussion: The situations can be described as everyday ethics and are more characterised by moral uncertainty and moral distress than by being classic ethical dilemmas. Conclusion: Norwegian legislation governing the use of force seems to provide decision guidance with the potential to reduce uncertainty and moral stress if the clinicians' legal competence had been greater. Keywords: patient autonomy, restraint, everyday ethics, moral distress, community health care

• Skaar, Ragnhild; Brodtkorb, Kari; Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad & Slettebø, Åshild (2014). Organisering av helsetjenester til eldre i kommunen – noen etiske utfordringer. Nordisk sygeplejeforskning. ISSN 1892-2678. 4(4), p. 267–278.
• Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad; Bjørnestad, John Olav & Söderhamn, Olle (2012). Construction and testing of the Moral Development Scale for Professionals (MDSP). Nurse Education Today. ISSN 0260-6917. 32(3), p. 255–260. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2011.04.002. Show summary

  Moral development among students is central for nursing education, because nursing is informed by moral ends, and it is essential that professional nurses have a well developed ability for moral behaviour, ethical reasoning and decision making. The aim of this study was to construct a new instrument for measuring moral development according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development among students and professionals, and initially test it for reliability and validity among students in professional education. Thirty-two items following the conventional and postconventional stages in the theory were developed. Different actions for reducing the items were implemented. The final version of the instrument with 12 items was tested for reliability and validity among 326 conveniently chosen students. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.67 and support for construct validity was obtained. Keywords:ethics, nursing education, scale testing

• Bjørnestad, John Olav; Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad & Høigaard, Rune (2011). Health coaching as an intervention during crisis or times of stress. In Salvini, Andrea & Andersen, Anders Johan Wickstrøm (Ed.), Interactions, Health and Community. EDIZIONI PLUS Pisa University Press. ISSN 9788884928023. p. 193–203.
• Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad; Bjørnestad, John Olav & Söderhamn, Olle (2011). The Moral Development Scale for Professionals (MDSP). Nordisk sygeplejeforskning. ISSN 1892-2678. 1(3), p. 245–253. Show summary

  Moralsk utvikling hos studenter og fagprofesjonelle innenfor helse og sykepleie bør være et viktig område for blant annet sykepleierutdanningen. Det finnes verktøy for måling av moralsk utvikling beskrevet i den internasjonale litteraturen. Men det har ikke vært mulig å finne et slikt instrument som er utviklet i en nordisk kontekst. Hensikten med denne artikkelen er å beskrive kortfattet utviklingen av instrumentet «Moral Development Scale for Professionals (MDSP)», som er basert på Kohlbergs kognitive teori om moralsk utvikling, samt å beskrive noen resultater i forhold til bruk av skalaen. Instrumentet er blitt utviklet gjennom en serie undersøkelser blant sykepleier- og lærerstudenter i Norge. Resultatene viser at MDSP er et brukbart, pålitelig og gyldig instrument. I et første bruk av instrumentet longitudinelt blant studenter i en sykepleierutdanning viste resultatene at ingen forandring av moralsk utvikling skjedde i løpet av utdanningen. De pedagogiske konsekvensene bør bli at spesielt etikkundervisningen må integreres ytterligere i de ulike emnene, slik at studentene i slutten av utdanningen skal være bedre i stand til moralsk abstraksjon og upartisk tenkning ut fra universelle etiske rettferdighetsprinsipper.

• Bjørnestad, John Olav; Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad & Høigaard, Rune (2011). Helsecoaching: å skape varig endring. In Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Høigaard, Rune (Ed.), Folkehelsearbeid. Cappelen Damm Høyskoleforlaget. ISSN 978-82-7634-893-4. p. 244–256. Show summary

  Boken er kategorisert som Fagbok i tråd med avgjørelse i tvisteutvalget.

• Söderhamn, Olle; Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad & Herrman, Margaretha (2011). Self-care and anticipated transition into retirement and later life in a Nordic welfare context. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 4, p. 273–279. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S21385. Show summary

  Few studies have appeared in the health care literature on the meaning of transition into retirement and later life. However, this predictable-involuntary transition may influence personal health and well-being, and studying it from a self-care perspective could be useful. The aim of this study was to illuminate aspects of self-care in a group of middle-aged individuals in relation to their anticipated transition into retirement in the Nordic welfare context. A total of 13 individuals, aged 55 to 65 years, were randomly chosen from the total number of inhabitants in three municipalities in mid-west Sweden. Conversational interviews took place, during which the informants shared important events in their lives that had occurred from early childhood until the present time, together with thoughts about their anticipated future developmental transition into later life. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. After content analyses and interpretation, a comprehensive picture of the phenomenon was revealed. The results showed that there were opportunities, expectations, wishes, concerns, and worries related to the transition into retirement and old age among informants from both rural and urban municipalities. Self-care, in connection with this, depended on motivating and demotivating factors. Autonomy and mature dependence seemed to be positive driving forces for reaching a successful transition into later life. Supporting autonomy should be a way of facilitating the transition into retirement and later life. Keywords: aging, autonomy, motivation, older people, successful aging

• Söderhamn, Olle; Bjørnestad, John Olav; Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad & Cliffordson, Christina (2011). Construct validity of the Moral Development Scale for Professionals (MDSP). Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 4, p. 165–170. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S20075. Show summary

  The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity of the Moral Development Scale for Professionals (MDSP) using structural equation modeling. The instrument is a 12-item self-report instrument, developed in the Scandinavian cultural context and based on Kohlberg’s theory. A hypothesized simplex structure model underlying the MDSP was tested through structural equation modeling. Validity was also tested as the proportion of respondents older than 20 years that reached the highest moral level, which according to the theory should be small. A convenience sample of 339 nursing students with a mean age of 25.3 years participated. Results confirmed the simplex model structure, indicating that MDSP reflects a moral construct empirically organized from low to high. A minority of respondents .20 years of age (13.5%) scored more than 80% on the highest moral level. The findings support the construct validity of the MDSP and the stages and levels in Kohlberg’s theory. Keywords: Kohlberg, scale testing, simplex structure model, structural equation modeling

• Bjørnestad, John Olav; Skisland, Anne V-S & Söderhamn, Olle (2010). Forandring av selvoppfatning blant studenter i løpet av en bachelorutdanning i sykepleie. Nordisk tidsskrift for helseforskning. ISSN 1504-3614. 6(2), p. 97–108. Show summary

  Selvoppfatning er av betydning for faglig framgang og kreativitet. Hensikten med denne studien var å beskrive forandring av selvoppfatning hos en gruppe sykepleierstudenter i løpet av sin treårige bachelorutdanning. En studiegruppe med 127 sykepleierstudenter ved en norsk høgskole besvarte et spørreskjema i første og siste studieår. Skalaer for måling av generell selvoppfatning og regelbevissthet samt spørsmål om bakgrunnsvariabler inngikk i spørreskjemaet. Resultatene viste at selvoppfatningen økte signifikant i løpet av utdanningen i den totale studiegruppen, og viktige faktorer var barn og opplevelse av tilfredshet. For ca 45% av deltakerne var selvoppfatningen enten lavere eller uforandret. Regelbevissthet minket i løpet av utdanningen og var ikke assosiert til studentenes selvoppfatning. Fortsatt forskning behøves for å klarlegge mulige påvirkningsfaktorer og for å finne tiltak som kan fremme en positiv utvikling av selvoppfatning hos studenter.

• Skisland, Anne V-S; Söderhamn, Sven Olle Mårten & Bjørnestad, John Olav (2010). Moralsk utvikling hos en gruppe norske sykepleierstudenter - En longitudinell studie. Tidsskrift for Sygeplejeforskning. ISSN 0900-3002. 26(1), p. 12–19. Show summary

  Abilities for moral behaviour, ethical reasoning and decision making may be developed during the training for being a registered nurse. The aim of this study was to describe moral development in a group of nursing students longitudinally in the view of cognitive theory. A convenience sample of Norwegian nursing students (n=128) answered a questionnaire in the first and third year of their education. The questionnaire contained an instrument measuring moral development among professionals according to Kohlberg´s theory of moral development, an instrument measuring rule-consciousness and a number of background questions. The data were analysed with statistical methods. No difference in moral development between the students in the first and third year was found in the total study group. However, fifty-seven individuals showed a decline in their level of moral development, 62 a higher level and nine showed no change. Individuals with a higher level of moral development in the third year were less rule-conscious. The results indicate that there may be a challenge for educators to give the ethics education in nursing programmes sufficient volume and deep in order to obtain high quality nurses with the ability for moral and ethical behaviour.

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• Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad (2023). Strakstiltak -for norskopplæring. Khrono.
• Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad; Eikeland, Randi; Jeppestøl, Kristin & Øygarden, Halvor (2022). Våkn opp helseforetak, kommuner i Agder og sykepleiere. lokalavisen fedrelandsvennen.
• Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad (2018). Universitetene må ta ansvar for minoritetsspråklige studenter. [Journal]. sykepleien.no. Show summary

  Det er et stort nederlag å komme inn på en utdanning uten å ha forutsetningene for å kunne klare å gjennomføre på grunn av språk og kulturutfordringer.

• Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad (2018). Universitetene må ta ansvar for minoritetsspråklige studenter. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad (2018). Tettare norskoppfølging. [Internet]. Uia.no. Show summary

  Minoritetsspråklege studentar slit med det norske språket. No får 40 studentar på sjukepleiarutdanninga tilbod om oppfølging.

• Skisland, Anne Valen -Sendstad; Flateland, Sylvi Monika; Tønsberg, Anne K. Flaatten & Söderhamn, Ulrika (2018). Minority language-speaking students' challenges in the Bachelor's programmes.
• Söderhamn, Olle; Flateland, Sylvi Monika; Haraldstad, Kristin & Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad (2013). Kvalitet o forskningsveiledning. Noen betraktninger fra et nordisk utviklingsseminar. Nordisk sygeplejeforskning. ISSN 1892-2678. 3(2), p. 139–144.
• Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad; Slettebø, Åshild; Brodtkorb, Kari & Skaar, Ragnhild (2012). Systematisk etikkarbeid i eldreomsorgen i kommunehelsetjenesten – presentasjon av erfaringer med bruk av grupper ved systematisk etikkutvikling i kommunehelsetjenesten.
• Bjørnestad, John Olav; Høigaard, Rune & Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad (2012). HEALTH COACHING AS AN INTERVENTION DURING CRISES OR TIMES OF STRESS.
• Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad (2012). Etikk,rusmisbruk og stjeling, helsepersonell. [Radio]. radio.
• Bjørnestad, John Olav; Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad & Söderhamn, Olle (2011). HEALTH COACHING AS AN INTERVENTION DURING CRISES OR TIMES OF STRESS.
• Skisland, Anne Valen-Senstad; Bjørnestad, John Olav & Söderhamn, Olle (2010). Measuring moral development morally.
• Söderhamn, Olle; Skisland, Anne V-S & Herrman, Margaretha (2010). Attitudes towards the anticipated transition into retirement in the Nordic welfare context. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN). ISSN 0962-1067. p. 129–129. Show summary

  Introduction. The time for retirement and old age pension is different in different settings, and there is a great variability over the world. The retirement role is often focused as being problematic in relation to needs and losses rather than a life situation with many personal meanings. There may be different attitudes towards the transition into retirement and old age pensioner life among people who are relatively close to get into their third age. This phenomenon has not been widely studied in the nursing literature. Since this predictable-involuntary transition may have influences on personal health and well-being, it should be meaningful to study it in a self-care perspective. The aim of this study was to illuminate aspects of self-care in a group of middle-aged individuals in relation to their anticipated transition into retirement in the Nordic welfare context. Methods and materials. A qualitative design was used in this study, and when designing and performing the study, ethical standard principles and the intentions of the Declaration of Helsinki were followed. A total number of 13 individuals, 55-65 years of age, were randomly chosen from the total number of inhabitants in three municipalities in mid-west Sweden. Conversational interviews were implemented, where the informants shared important events in their lives from early childhood until present time together with thoughts about their anticipated future developmental transition into old age. The interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim. After content analyses and interpretation, a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon was revealed. Results. All informants viewed their lives in retrospective with positive feelings with respect to their childhood and youth. Although some of them had had tough times with poverty and severe parents and hard upbringings, they considered their childhood and youth as a good and happy time. As grown up individuals, they saw family, friends and social relations as very important. They had networks of different sizes and were very conscious of the importance of good health. Some of the informants also spent time with their hobbies. No particular differences between the informants from the different municipalities were found, nor in relation to age, sex or profession. There were opportunities, expectations, wishes, concerns and worries related to the transition into old age pensioner life among the informants from both the rural and urban municipalities. Self-care was in this connection dependent of motivating and de-motivating factors. Conclusion. Autonomy and mature dependence seem to be positive driving forces for reaching a successful transition into old age. Supporting autonomy should, therefore, be a way for facilitating the predictable-involuntary transition into retirement. Further studies about the retirement transition within a self-care perspective are needed. This study indicates that motivation, autonomy and mature dependence are important issues that should be focused in such research. Gender issues and connectedness are other important areas.

• Söderhamn, Olle; Skisland, Anne V-S & Herrman, Margaretha (2010). Attitudes towards the anticipated transition into retirement in the Nordic welfare context. Show summary

  Background. The involuntary transition into old age may have influences on personal health and well-being and should, therefore, be meaningful to study it in a self-care perspective. Aim. The aim of this study was to illuminate aspects of self-care in a group of middle-aged individuals in relation to their anticipated transition into retirement in the Nordic welfare context. Methods. Thirteen Swedish individuals, 55-65 years of age, narrated in conversational interviews important events in their lives together with thoughts about their anticipated future developmental transition into old age. The interviews were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed with manifest and latent content analysis. Results. All informants viewed their lives in retrospective with positive feelings with respect to their childhood and youth. As grown up individuals, they saw family, friends and social relations as very important. They had networks of different sizes and were very conscious of the importance of good health. There were opportunities, expectations, wishes, concerns and worries related to the transition into old age pensioner life among the informants. Self-care was in this connection dependent of motivating and de-motivating factors. Conclusion. Autonomy and mature dependence seem to be positive driving forces for reaching a successful transition into old age. Supporting autonomy should, therefore, be an adequate nursing action for facilitating the predictable-involuntary transition into retirement.

• Skisland, Anne V-S; Bjørnestad, John Olav & Söderhamn, Olle (2010). Measuring moral development morally. Show summary

  Ethics is central in caring sciences and practice, and caregivers should have a well developed ability for moral behaviour and ethical reasoning. This may be developed during the professional education, where great emphasis is put on cognitive skills on behalf of, for example, nurse students. The cognitive view on moral development denotes that the logic of a person?s reason influences the moral behaviour in accordance with his/her judgement. Kohlberg?s theory of moral development reflects this cognitive view. The objective of this project was to develop an instrument for measuring moral development from a cognitive view and use it among nursing students longitudinally during their bachelor education. An instrument grounded in Kohlberg?s theory of moral development was constructed and tested for reliability and validity among different student groups. A questionnaire that contained the new instrument, some background questions and an instrument for measuring rule-consciousness was answered by a group of 128 nursing students in Norway in the first and third year of their bachelor education. Data were analysed with statistical methods. Sufficient and fairly sound psychometric properties were shown for the new instrument. The conventional and post-conventional stages of Kohlberg?s theory of moral development were confirmed. No difference in moral development among the students between the first and third year was found in the total study group. However, 45% of the participants showed a decline in their level of moral development, 7% were on the same level and 48% had moved to a higher level. Participants who had reached a higher level of moral development in the third year were less rule-conscious than the other students. A new reliable and valid instrument that reflects a cognitive view of moral development has been developed in a Nordic context. Since the instrument was found to be reliable and the valid, it is possible to measure moral development morally. By using this instrument, results emerged in the study group that demand change and development in the education.

• Tønsberg, Anne K. F.; Skisland, Anne V-S & Flateland, Sylvi (2005). Undervisningssykehjemmet i Helseregion Sør. Show summary

  Undervisningssykehjemmet og HiA sendte søknad til Sosial- og helsedirektoratet (shdir) i januar 2005 om å få endret status fra Undervisningssykehjemsprosjekt til Undervisningssykehjem i Helseregion Sør. Sosial og helsedirektoratet vedtok i april 2005 at Undervisningssykehjemmet i Songdalen kommune blir permanent og det heter nå Undervisningssykehjemmet i Helseregion Sør på lik linje med de 5 andre Undervisningssykehjemmene i Norge. Ansvarlig for de 6 undervisningssykehjemmene er Shdir. Evt nye undervisningssykehjem i regionene vil være spredningsmodeller av det etablerte statlige Undervisningssykehjemmene (Shdir 9 nov 05)

• Skisland, Anne V-S (2004). etikk i sykehjemshverdagen.
• Flateland, Sylvi & Skisland, Anne V-S (2003). Hvordan veilede sykepleierstudenter i praksis. Show summary

  Når en innleder en ny praksisperiode for studentene, er det viktig å ta utgangspunkt i tidligere praksis. Dersom det var spesielle sider ved utøvelsen som var vanskelig, må en gripe tak i det helt i starten. Studentene må utarbeide skriftlige forventninger både til seg selv, til sykepleier og til faglærer. Det er viktig at dette følges opp, og at studenten mottar en jevnlig tilbakemelding på sin utøvelse. Ved halvtidsevalueringen blir det viktig å se tilbake, og reflektere over gjennomført praksis og konkretisere det studenten skal jobbe spesiellt med i tiden som gjenstår.

• Grasaas, Kari K. & Skisland, Anne V-S (2001). "Det handler om å leve" - etiske utfordringer i møte mellom pleier og pasient.
• Fegran, Liv; Hansen, Linda Iren Mihaila & Skisland, Anne V-S (2000). Fagplan for grunnutdanning i sykepleie.

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