Tonje Holte Stea

• Ostojic, Sergej; Stea, Tonje Holte; Ellery, Stacey & Smith-Ryan, Abbey (2024). Association between dietary intake of creatine and female reproductive health: Evidence from NHANES 2017–2020. Food Science & Nutrition. ISSN 2048-7177. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4135.
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Bonsaksen, Tore; Smith, Pierre; Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Steigen, Anne Mari & Leonhardt, Marja [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Are social pressure, bullying and low social support associated with depressive symptoms, self-harm and self-directed violence among adolescents? A cross-sectional study using a structural equation modeling approach. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05696-1.
• Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Abildsnes, Eirik; Haraldstad, Kristin & Stea, Tonje Holte (2024). Changes in health‑related quality of life and sleep habits after a 6‑month non‑randomised cluster‑controlled trial among children with overweight or obesity. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02375-0.
• Befus, Eva-Grethe; Mølland, Eirin; Helseth, Sølvi; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Stea, Tonje Holte & Nolte, Sandra [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). The use of youth healthcare services and its association with health-related quality of life, physical and mental health and over-the-counter analgesics use in 13–19-year-old adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17544-0.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Steigen, Anne Mari; Granrud, Marie Dahlen; Dangmann, Cecilie Ruud & Stea, Tonje Holte (2024). Sexual harassment exposure among junior high school students in Norway: prevalence and associated factors. Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1307605. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lien, Lars; Bonsaksen, Tore; Stea, Tonje Holte; Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Steigen, Anne Mari & Leonhardt, Marja (2023). Time trends in self-reported depressive symptoms, prescription of antidepressants, sedatives and hypnotics and the emergence of social media among Norwegian adolescents. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 18(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295384. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Research has shown increased mental health problems and use of prescription drugs among adolescents in recent years and social media use has been linked to poorer mental health. However, trend studies concerning these topics are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze gender-specific trends in a) symptoms of depression and loneliness, and b) prescription of antidepressants, hypnotics and sedatives, in relation to the emergence of social media among adolescents in Norway. Methods This is an ecological study using data from the ‘Young in Oslo’ surveys from 1996 to 2021. The surveys included approximately 110 000 students, 14–17 years of age, and yielded a response rate varying from 95% in 1996 to 64% in 2021. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect information on symptoms of depression and loneliness. Information on antidepressant and sleep medication prescription was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database for the age group 15 to 19 years. A graphical approach and logistic regression models were used to examine gender-specific time-trends between 1996 to 2021. Results We found a doubling in self-reported symptoms of depression and loneliness among girls between 1996 and 2021, with the steepest increase in the period from 2006 to 2012, when Facebook and other social media were introduced. A similar trend was observed in the prescription of antidepressants among girls, with the steepest increase between 2011 and 2013. Among both boys and girls, ‘worried too much about things’ and ‘had sleep problems’ were the two symptoms with the greatest changes. Conclusion A significant upward trend in self-reported depressive symptoms and medication use was observed over the past 25 years, with variations in the rate of increase, including a steeper trajectory during certain periods immediately after the introduction of social media platforms in Norway.

• Stea, Tonje Holte; Vettore, Mario Vianna; Øvrebø, Bente & Abildsnes, Eirik (2023). Changes in dietary habits and BMI z-score after a 6-month non-randomized cluster-controlled trial among 6–12 years old overweight and obese Norwegian children. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 67, s. 1–15. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9617. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Effective prevention programs to address the high prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and the concomitant health consequences have been warranted. Objective: To improve dietary habits and weight status among Norwegian children with overweight/obesity in the primary care setting. Design: A 6-month non-randomized cluster-controlled intervention among 137 children, aged 6–12 years, with overweight/obesity and their parents. Intervention and control groups were recruited by public health nurses and followed-up by 12 Healthy Life Centers across Norway. The intervention group received individual family counseling and participated in nutrition courses and physical activity groups. A frequency questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and dietary habits was completed by the parents. Trained public health nurses measured height and weight using standardized methods to calculate body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-scores. Results: The intervention resulted in an increased odds of consuming evening meals (OR: 3.42), a decreased availability of salty snacks (β = –0.17), a decreased intake of salty snacks (−0.18), an increased consumption of water (β = 0.20), and a decreased estimated total intake of energy (β = –0.17), carbohydrates (β = –0.17), mono- and disaccharides (β = –0.21), sucrose (β = –0.24), and saturated fatty acids (β = –0.17). The intervention directly predicted lower BMI z-score (β = –0.17), and post-treatment levels of energy (β = –0.65), saturated fat (β = 0.43), and total carbohydrates (β = 0.41) were directly linked to BMI z-score after intervention. Age and sex were indirectly associated with BMI after intervention through energy and saturated fat intake. Conclusions: The intervention had a beneficial impact on nutrient intake and weight status among children with overweight/obesity. These findings provide support for implementing complex intervention programs tailored to local primary care settings.

• Zahl-Olsen, Rune; Thuen, Frode & Stea, Tonje Holte (2023). Cohabitation, Marriage, and Union Dissolution in Norway: A Comparative Prospective Study. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage. ISSN 1050-2556. 64(5-6), s. 199–216. doi: 10.1080/10502556.2023.2277648. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Korovljev, Darinka; Javorac, Dejan; Todorovic, Nikola; Ranisavljev, Marijana; Engeset, Dagrun & Stea, Tonje Holte [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). The Effects of 12-Week Hydrogen-Rich Water Intake on Body Composition, Short-Chain Fatty Acids Turnover, and Brain Metabolism in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Current Topics in Nutraceuticals Research. ISSN 1540-7535. 21(3), s. 235–241. doi: 10.37290/ctnr2641-452X.21:235-241. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to analyze the effects of medium-term supplementation with hydrogen-rich water on brain metabolism, appetite-regulating hormones, body composition, and safety biomarkers in overweight adults. Twenty (n = 20, 10 females) apparently healthy adults with a body mass index >24.9 kg/m2 were assigned to receive 0.5 L per day of hydrogen-rich water (7.5 mg of hydrogen) or hydrogen-free water (tap water) for 12 weeks. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed a significant difference between the two interventions in several body composition indices (P ≤ 0.05), with hydrogen-rich water superior to placebo to reduce waist circumference and mid-upper arm circumference by 1.31 cm (95% confidence interval, from –0.23 to 2.85) and 0.65 cm (95% confidence interval, from –0.10 to 1.40), respectively. Hydrogen-rich water outcompeted placebo to raise serum ghrelin levels, as the mean difference from the placebo group was 17.28 pmol/L (95% confidence interval, from 1.81 to 32.75) (P = 0.02). A non-significant strong positive trend (P = 0.10) was reported toward hydrogen-rich water being superior to placebo in augmenting total serum short-chain fatty acid levels, with a mean difference from the control group of 195.6 μmol/L (95% confidence interval, from –64.55 to 275.85). The mean fecal calprotectin levels were significantly reduced after hydrogen-rich water intervention for 19.7 μg/mg (95% confidence interval, from 0.31 to 39.09) (P = 0.03). Our findings advance hydrogen-rich water as a promising metabolic intervention in overweight adults, but further validation via multicentric longitudinal randomized controlled trials in metabolic and nutritional disorders is required.

• Øvrebø, Bente; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Stea, Tonje Holte; Wills, Andrew Keith; Bere, Elling Tufte & Magnus, Per Minor [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). The influence of immigrant background and parental education on overweight and obesity in 8-year-old children in Norway. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 23. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16571-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Little is known about the prevalence of overweight/obesity and socio-economic position (SEP) in children with immigrant background in Scandinavia. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of overweight/obesity by immigrant background among children in Norway and to explore the role of SEP in explaining diferences in weight status. Methods Anthropometric data from 8,858 children (age 8.3 years) from the population-based Norwegian Childhood Growth Study were used. Information about immigrant background, country of origin, and parental education (used as an indicator of SEP) were provided by Statistics Norway. For children with immigrant background, regional background was determined based on country of origin. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated for overweight/obesity and weight-to-height-ratio (WHtR)≥0.5 by immigration and regional background, using generalized estimating equation log-binominal models adjusting for sex, age, survey year (model 1), residential area, population density (model 2) and parental education (model 3). Results Children with immigrant background had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and WHtR≥0.5 than non-immigrant background children. Adjusted for parental education, children with an immigrant background from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia except South-Asia, and Africa had a higher prevalence of overweight/ obesity [PR: 1.37 (95% confdence interval (CI): 1.10–1.72), 1.28 (1.05–1.57), 1.47 (1.13–1.91), respectively] than children with a non-immigrant background. Children originating from Asia except South-Asia had a higher prevalence of WHtR≥0.5 (PR: 1.64, CI: 1.25–2.15) compared to non-immigrant background children. The adjustment for parental education did not substantially change the results. Conclusion Children with immigrant background had higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than non-immigrant background children. The diference varied according to region of origin but not substantially according to parental education. There is a need for culturally acceptable preventative measures targeting the parents of immigrant background children.

• Stea, Tonje Holte; Steigen, Anne Mari; Dangmann, Cecilie Ruud; Granrud, Marie Dahlen & Bonsaksen, Tore (2023). Associations between exposure to sexual abuse, substance use, adverse health outcomes, and use of youth health services among Norwegian adolescents. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16261-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background A strong association between sexual abuse and adverse health outcomes has been reported among adolescents. The present study aimed to provide more information about adverse health outcomes associated with sexual abuse and substance use, and to examine the use of youth health services among Norwegian adolescents. Methods National representative cross-sectional study among 16–19-year-old Norwegian adolescents (n = 9784). Multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for socioeconomic status and age, were used to examine the association between exposure to sexual abuse, substance use and health risk factors, and the use of youth health services. Results Adolescents exposed to sexual abuse had higher odds of depressive symptoms (males: OR:3.8; 95% CI:2.5–5.8, females: 2.9;2.4–3.5), daily headache (males: 5.3;2.8–10.1, females:1.9; 1.5–2.4), high medication use (males: 3.2;1.7-6.0, females: 2.0;1.6–2.6), self-harm (males: 3.8;2.4-6.0, females:3.2; 2.6–3.9), suicidal thoughts (males: 3.3; 2.2-5.0, females:3.0; 2.5–3.6) and suicide attempts (males: 9.5;5.6–16.0, females:3.6;2.7–4.9). Furthermore, exposure to sexual abuse was associated with higher odds of using school health services (males: 3.9;2.6–5.9, females: 1.6;1.3–1.9) and health services for youth (males: 4.8;3.1–7.6, females: 2.1;1.7–2.5). In general, substance use was associated with increased odds of adverse health related outcomes and use of youth health services, but the strength of the relationships varied according to sex. Finally, results indicated a significant interaction between sexual abuse and smoking that was associated with increased odds of having suicidal thoughts for males (2.6;1.1–6.5) but a decreased odds of having suicidal thoughts and have conducted suicide attempts once or more for females (0.6;0.4-1.0 and 0.5;0.3–0.9, respectively). Conclusions The present study confirmed a strong relationship between exposure to sexual abuse and health risks, especially among males. Moreover, males exposed to sexual abuse were much more likely to use youth health services compared to sexually abused females. Substance use was also associated with adverse health outcomes and use of youth health services, and interactions between sexual abuse and smoking seemed to influence risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts differently according to sex. Results from this study increase knowledge about possible health related effects of sexual abuse which should be used to identify victims and provide targeted treatment by youth health services.

• Stajer, Valdemar; Todorovic, Nikola; Conic, Branislava Srdenovic; Kladar, Nebojsa; Engeset, Dagrun & Stea, Tonje Holte [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). The Effects of Medium-Term Intake of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Sperm Quality Biomarkers in Normospermic and Oligospermic Men: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. Current Topics in Nutraceuticals Research. ISSN 1540-7535. 21(2), s. 182–186. doi: 10.37290/ctnr2641-452X.21:182-186.
• Edvardsen Tonheim, Live; Groufh-Jacobsen, Synne; Stea, Tonje Holte & Henjum, Sigrun (2023). Consumption of meat and dairy substitute products amongst vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 67. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9081. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: An increasing number of people adhere to plant-based diets, and the market for plant-based meat and dairy substitute products has been expanding rapidly. Objective: To examine total intake of macronutrients and salt in a sample of Norwegian vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians; the consumption frequency of plant-based meat and dairy substitutes and raw ingredients used in these products; and the contribution to total macronutrient and salt intake from these products. Design: A cross-sectional design using single 24-h dietary recall to assess the intake of macronutrients, salt and substitute products that the participants (n = 158 Norway residents [age 18–60 years]: vegans [n = 83]; vegetarians [n = 47]; pescatarians [n = 28]) consumed. The chi-square test with pairwise comparisons and the Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc test were used to compare differences between diet groups. Macronutrient and salt intake were assessed relative to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR). Results: Dietary macronutrient intake fell within NNR recommendations, with a favourable distribution of fatty acids and high levels of dietary fibre. Most of the vegans (90%), vegetarians (68%) and pescatarians (64%) consumed meat or dairy substitutes. The main raw ingredient in the substitute products was soy, followed by oats and peas. Overall, substitute products contributed to 12% of total energy and 16% of total salt intake. The substitute products contributed to higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake amongst vegans (27% of total SFA intake) compared with vegetarians (10%) and pescatarians (8%). Moreover, substitute products contributed to higher protein intake in vegans (19%) compared with pescatarians (7%). Conclusion: Most participants consumed meat or dairy substitute products, suggesting that these products are included regularly in Norwegian plant-based diets. Furthermore, substitute products may contribute to dietary fat, SFA and protein intake amongst vegans.

• Richardsen, Helene Kristin; Bere, Elling Tufte; Stea, Tonje Holte; Klepp, Knut Inge & Engeset, Dagrun (2023). Effect of Ending the Nationwide Free School Fruit Scheme on the Intake of Fruits, Vegetables, and Unhealthy Snacks in Norwegian School Children Aged 10–12 Years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 20(3). doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032489. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Norwegian authorities started a nationwide free school fruit program in 2007, implemented in all secondary schools (grades 8–10) and combined schools (grades 1–10) in Norway. The program ended in 2014. This study evaluates the effect of ending the nationwide free school fruit program on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks among Norwegian sixth and seventh graders. The study sample consists of pupils at 18 schools that participated in all data collections in the Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks project (FVMM), initiated in 2001, with new data collections in 2008 and 2018. Four of the schools were combined schools, therefore children in sixth and seventh grade at these schools received free fruit in 2008 (intervention schools), and fourteen schools did not (control schools). Between 2008 and 2018, pupils at the intervention schools ate a lower proportion of fruits and vegetables per school week, and the consumption of unhealthy snacks increased compared to the control schools. Completion of the free fruit program was not significantly different for boys and girls, or low and high parental education. The results indicate that the end of the free school fruit program resulted in less healthy eating habits among children.

• Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Vettore, Mario Vianna; Hartz, Ingeborg; Haugland, Siri Håvås & Stea, Tonje Holte (2023). Patterns of unhealthy behaviours during adolescence and subsequent anxiety and depression in adulthood: a prospective register linkage study of the HUNT survey and health registries. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. ISSN 1479-5868. 20. doi: 10.1186/s12966-023-01408-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background There is increasing need for prospective investigations in the preventing role of health-related behaviours on mental health problems. The aim of this study is to identify patterns of health-related behaviours in adolescence, and the association between the behavioural patterns and the subsequent diagnoses and/or drug treatment for anxiety and/or depression in adulthood. Methods This prospective study consisted of 13–19-year-old participants in the Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT3) in 2006–2008 (n = 2061, 1205 females and 856 males) in Norway, who also participated in HUNT4 (2017–2019). Survey data on health-related behaviours in adolescence, including low level of physical activity, low consumption of wholegrain bread, fish, fruit, vegetables and high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and insomnia were linked on an individual level to prospective information on drug use and diagnosis in national health registries. The different patterns of health-related behaviours were identified through latent class analysis. Subsequent anxiety or depression was defined as at least one recording in either of three registries covering recorded diagnosis in primary and specialist healthcare, or dispensed prescription drugs during 2008–2019. Additionally, self-reported psychological distress measured in young adulthood was applied as a supplemental outcome measure. Results Four patterns of health-related behaviours were identified: high risk behaviours (class 1), moderate to high risk behaviours (class 2), low to moderate risk behaviours (class 3) and low risk behaviours (class 4). Adolescents in class 3 showed higher odds of subsequent diagnoses for anxiety and/or depression in primary and specialist healthcare compared to class 4 participants. In addition, both class 1 and class 4 participants had higher odds for self-reported psychological distress than those class 4 (OR = 1.56 and OR = 1.86, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that health-related behaviours are clustered among Norwegian adolescents. The patterns of unhealthy behaviours during adolescence only partly increased the risk of anxiety and depression in adulthood. Promoting healthy behaviours during adolescence may potentially reduce the burden of mental illness in adulthood, but further research is needed to clarify the nature of the relationships.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Steigen, Anne Mari; Stea, Tonje Holte; Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Lien, Lars & Leonhardt, Marja (2023). Negative social media-related experiences and lower general self-efficacy are associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents . Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 10, s. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1037375. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Social media are an integral part of adolescents' daily lives, and reviews have suggested an overall small association between more social media use and mental health problems. However, researchers have commonly investigated social media use in a time use perspective, rendering nuances in adolescents' social media experience less well explored. Thus, studies of relationships between social media use and mental health problems need also examine the nature of the events taking place on social media. This study aimed to examine depressive symptoms in adolescents in relationship to time spent on social media, negative social media-related experiences, and general self-efficacy. Data collected in a national survey, Ungdata 2021 (n = 139,841), was used. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that time spent on social media was associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.09, p < 0.001). However, negative social media-related experiences were more strongly associated with depressive symptoms (β ranging 0.09–0.22, all p < 0.001), and their inclusion weakened the initial association between time on social media and depressive symptoms. General self-efficacy was directly associated with lower symptom levels (β = −0.29, p < 0.001) but did not change the associations between social media use and depressive symptoms. The findings imply that not only time spent on social media, but in particular negative social media-related experiences, are related to depressive symptoms in Norwegian adolescents. General self-efficacy is an important resource for adolescents' mental health.

• Haugland, Siri Håvås & Stea, Tonje Holte (2022). Risky Lives? Self-Directed Violence and Violence From Others Among Young People Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET). Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 10. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904458. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Jong, Miek C.; Fegran, Liv; Sejersted, Ellen; Jong, M. & Wahlgren, Sophia Louise Hjorth [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Mapping the Concept, Content, and Outcome of Family-Based Outdoor Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(10). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19105825. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Outdoor therapy and family-based therapy are suggested to be promising interventions for the treatment of mental health problems. The aim of the present scoping review was to systematically map the concept, content, and outcome of combining family- and outdoor-based therapy for children and adolescents with mental health problems. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines were applied. Eligible qualitative and quantitative studies were screened, included, and extracted for data. Seven studies were included. Findings from these studies indicated that family-based outdoor therapy programs have a positive impact on family- and peer relationships, adolescent behavior, mental health, self-perceptions (self-concept), school success, social engagement, and delinquency rates. However, participant characteristics, study design, and content and mode of delivery of the interventions varied substantially, hence preventing detailed comparison of outcomes across studies. In addition, most of the studies included few participants and lacked population diversity and comparable control groups. Although important ethical concerns were raised, such as non-voluntary participation in some of the programs, there was a lack of reporting on safety. This review indicates that a combination of family- and outdoor-based therapy may benefit mental health among children and adolescents, but due to the limited number of studies eligible for inclusion and high levels of heterogeneity, it was difficult to draw firm conclusions. Thus, future theory-based studies using robust designs are warranted.

• Ostojic, Sergej; Stea, Tonje Holte & Engeset, Dagrun (2022). Creatine as a Promising Component of Paternal Preconception Diet. Nutrients. ISSN 2072-6643. 14(3). doi: 10.3390/nu14030586. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: Male fertility has been declining globally over the past several decades, advancing from a personal issue to a public health problem. Beyond any doubt, a reduction in fertility (often characterized by low sperm count or motility) can severely threaten reproductive health and lifecourse framework in a long-term fashion. Aside from uncovering the currently unknown etiology of modern-day male infertility, the scientific and medical community faces a double burden: finding an efficient biomarker of impaired fertility and exploring any intervention that can act to enhance fertility. A plethora of nutritional compounds have been recognized as possible modulators of semen quality, and specific dietary patterns and nutrients appear to be accompanied by a lower risk of male infertility. Creatine, a conditionally essential nutrient, has caught attention as a male fertilitypromoting candidate due to its role in sperm energy metabolism. This mini-review describes the creatine-related bioenergetics of spermatozoa, explores a connection between creatine levels and sperm quality in men, and critically examines available evidence for interventional studies with creatine to affect sperm viability.

• Stea, Tonje Holte; Solaas, Susanne Aune & Kleppang, Annette Løvheim (2022). Association between physical activity, sedentary time, participation in organized activities, social support, sleep problems and mental distress among adults in Southern Norway: a cross-sectional study among 28,047 adults from the general population. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 22. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12769-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: Background: Identifcation of modifable factors associated with poor mental health is crucial to develop targeted and efective intervention strategies for prevention of mental distress and illness in the general population. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between low level of leisure-time physical activity, high sedentary time, low participation in organized activities, low social support, sleep problems, and mental distress in a large sample of Norwegian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was completed by 28,047 adults (≥18 years old) in southern Norway by flling out an online self-report questionnaire. Multivariable binary logistic regression models, stratifed according to gender and adjusted for age and perceived fnancial situation, were used to examine possible associations between unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, participation in organized activities, social support, and mental distress. Results: Our results showed an increased odds of having mental distress among men reporting low leisure-time physical activity (OR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.03–1.37), high sedentary time (1.32; 1.16–1.51), low involvement in organized activities (1.43; 1.25–1.64), low social support (2.55; 2.18–2.99), and sleep problems (7.29; 6.35–8.37) compared to the rest of the male population. For women, the results showed increased odds of mental distress among those reporting high sedentary time (1.25; 1.11–1.39), low involvement in organized activities (1.60; 1.42–1.80), low social support (2.71; 2.39–3.06), and sleep problems (5.78; 5.15–6.50) compared to the rest of the female population. For both men and women, results also indicated that mental distress was increased among younger adults and among those reporting fnancial difculties compared to the rest of the population. Conclusion: Our results showed an association between unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, low participation in organized activities, low social support and mental distress, and that the strength of the association varied substantially. These fndings provide increased knowledge about the relationship between modifable lifestyle factors and mental health which should have implications for future public health eforts.

• Stea, Tonje Holte; Shatri, Herolinda; Haugland, Siri Håvås & Kleppang, Annette Løvheim (2022). Association between self-repoted childhood difficulties and obesity and health related behaviors in adulthood- a cross sectional study among 28,047 adults from the general population. . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(3). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031395. Vis sammendrag

  The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between self-reported childhood difficulties, weight status, and lifestyle behaviors among a representative sample of Norwegian adults. This cross-sectional study included 28,047 adults (>18 years old) living in southern Norway. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess information about the overall quality of the respondents’ childhood retrospectively in addition to current weight status and current lifestyle behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age, and educational level showed that evaluating childhood as difficult was associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 1.29; 95% CI; 1.16–1.44) in adulthood. Moreover, a difficult childhood was associated with increased odds of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors in adulthood, including low consumption of fruit and berries (1.21; 1.09–1.34) and fish (1.43; 1.30–1.57), high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (1.30; 1.14–1.48), low level of physical activity (1.10; 1.01–1.21), smoking cigarettes (1.78; 1.61–1.97), and using smokeless tobacco (1.20; 1.07–1.36). Overall, results from the present study suggest that experiencing childhood as difficult is associated with an increased risk of obesity and a range of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors in adulthood. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of identifying and providing support to children in difficult life circumstances in addition to customized and targeted public health efforts in adulthood.

• Øvrebø, Bente; Stea, Tonje Holte; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Bere, Elling Tufte; Suren, Pål & Magnus, Per Minor [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). A nationwide school fruit and vegetable policy and childhood and adolescent overweight: A quasi-natural experimental study. PLoS Medicine. ISSN 1549-1277. 19(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003881. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Holvik, Kristin; Bryntesen, Caroline Marlen Solie & Myhre, Jannicke Borch (2021). Changes in food habits amongst Norwegian adolescents in 2016 and 2019 according to gender and socioeconomic status. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 65, s. 1–10. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v65.6262. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Ridder, Karin de; Haugland, Siri Håvås & Stea, Tonje Holte (2021). Physical activity, sugar‑sweetened beverages, whole grain bread and insomnia among adolescents and psychological distress in adulthood: prospective data from the population‑based HUNT study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. ISSN 1479-5868. 18, s. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01215-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haraldstad, Kristin & Stea, Tonje Holte (2021). Associations between pain, self-efficacy, sleep duration and symptoms of depression in adolescents: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 21(1617). doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11680-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Alvsvåg, Linn & Kleppang, Annette Løvheim (2021). The Association between Dietary Habits, Substance Use, and Mental Distress among Adults in Southern Norway: A Cross-Sectional Study among 28,047 Adults from the General Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(18). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189731. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øvrebø, Bente; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Stea, Tonje Holte; Bere, Elling; Surén, Pål & Magnus, Per Minor [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Overweight, obesity, and thinness among a nationally representative sample of Norwegian adolescents and changes from childhood: Associations with sex, region, and population density. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 16(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255699. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugland, Siri Håvås; Olivieira Vieira de Carvalho, Barbara; Stea, Tonje Holte; Strandheim, Arve & Vederhus, John-Kåre (2021). Associations between parental alcohol problems in childhood and adversities during childhood and later adulthood: a cross-sectional study of 28047 adults from the general population. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. ISSN 1747-597X. 16. doi: 10.1186/s13011-021-00384-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are related to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, few larger studies based on a general population sample with age groups ranging from young adults to elderly have investigated whether parental alcohol problems increase the risk of offspring subjective reports of ACE both during childhood and current adult adversities. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between parental alcohol problems and adversities during childhood and later in adulthood. Methods The 28,047 respondents were adults (> 18 years old) from the general population who participated in the Norwegian Counties Public Health Survey. The study had a cross-sectional design and included respondents’ evaluations of childhood experiences and current adult adversities. The short version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6, cut-off ≥3) measured parental alcohol problems. Multivariable logistic regression was adjusted for gender, age, and education. Results Growing up with parental alcohol problems strongly increased the risk of experiencing a dysfunctional family environment during childhood (odds ratio [OR] 6.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.36–7.36), perceiving childhood as difficult (OR 5.01; 95% CI 4.58–5.49), and reporting a lack of support from a trusted adult (OR 3.07; 95% CI 2.86–3.29). Parental alcohol problems were associated with a modestly increased risk of harmful alcohol use (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.29–1.48), but the association with struggling with bad memories was strong (OR 4.56; 95% CI 4.17–4.98). Conclusions Parental alcohol problems increased the risk of offspring experiencing adversities during both childhood and adulthood. Providing supportive services to these children and their families and addressing this issue as part of treatment is important to prevent alcohol related harm.

• Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Haugland, Siri Håvås; Bakken, Anders & Stea, Tonje Holte (2021). Lifestyle habits and depressive symptoms in Norwegian adolescents: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10846-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Henjum, Sigrun; Groufh-Jacobsen, Synne; Stea, Tonje Holte; Tonheim, Live Edvardsen & Almendingen, Kari (2021). Iron Status of Vegans, Vegetarians and Pescatarians in Norway. Biomolecules. ISSN 2218-273X. 11(3). doi: 10.3390/biom11030454. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Henjum, Sigrun; Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Holvik, Kristin; Lillegaard, Inger Therese Laugsand; Mangschou, Bente & Parr, Christine Louise [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Benefit and risk assessment of iodization of household salt and salt used in bread and bakery products. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. VKM Report. ISSN 2535-4019. 2020(5), s. 1–312. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Nordheim, Oda; Bere, Elling Tufte; Stornes, Per Gunnar & Eikemo, Terje Andreas (2020). Fruit and vegetable consumption in Europe according to gender, educational attainment and regional affiliation — A cross-sectional study in 21 European countries. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232521. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective The purpose of the present study was to examine fruit and vegetable consumption according to gender, educational attainment and regional affiliation in Europe. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting 21 European countries. Participants 37 672 adults participating in the 7th round of the European Social Survey. Main outcome measures Fruit and vegetable consumption was measured using two single frequency questions. Responses were dichotomized into low (<once a day) and high (≥once a day) consumption. The association between consumption of fruit and vegetables and gender, educational level, regional affiliation was examined using logistic regression analyses. Results Overall, females showed increased odds of consuming fruit (OR 1.71 (95%CI:1.62, 1.79) and vegetable (1.59 (1.51, 1.67)) compared to males and high educated participants showed increased odds of consuming fruit (1.53 (1.43, 1.63)) and vegetables (1.86 (1.74, 2.00)) compared to low educated participants. Our results also showed that participants living in Eastern Europe had the lowest odds of consuming fruit and vegetables, whereas participants from Southern- and Northern Europe had the highest odds of consuming fruit and vegetables, respectively. Results from interaction analyses confirmed the positive association between fruit and vegetable consumption and educational level, although for some European regions, decreased odds of fruit and vegetables was observed among medium educated participants compared to those with low education. Conclusions Overall, the present study showed that being female and having a high education were associated with increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. However, the direction and strength of these relationships depends on regional affiliations.

• Stea, Tonje Holte; Ridder, Karin de & Haugland, Siri Håvås (2019). Comparison of risk-behaviors among young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) versus high school students. A cross-sectional study . Norsk Epidemiologi. ISSN 0803-2491. 28(1/2), s. 39–47. doi: 10.5324/nje.v28i1-2.3049. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Bere, Elling Tufte & Stea, Tonje Holte (2019). Time trends (1995-2008) in dietary habits among adolescents in relation to The Norwegian School Fruit Scheme: The HUNT study. Nutrition Journal. ISSN 1475-2891. 18(77). doi: 10.1186/s12937-019-0501-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Stea, Tonje Holte; Magnus, Per; Krokstad, Steinar; Samdal, Oddrun & Bere, Elling Tufte (2019). How to evaluate the effect of seven years of The Norwegian School Fruit Scheme (2007-14) on fruit, vegetables, snacks consumption and weight status- A natural experiment. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 49, s. 347–357. doi: 10.1177/1403494819875923. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Abildsnes, Eirik; Strandheim, Arve & Haugland, Siri Håvås (2019). Do young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) have more health problems than their peers? A cross-sectional study among Norwegian adolescents. Norsk Epidemiologi. ISSN 0803-2491. 28(1-2), s. 89–95. doi: 10.5324/nje.v28i1-2.3055. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Stea, Tonje Holte; Twisk, Jos; te Velde, Saskia J.; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling Tufte (2019). Tracking of fruit, vegetables and unhealthy snacks consumption from childhood to adulthood (15 year period): does exposure to a free school fruit programme modify the observed tracking? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. ISSN 1479-5868. 16(22). doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0783-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øvrebø, Bente; Stea, Tonje Holte; te Velde, Saskia J.; Bjelland, Mona; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling Tufte (2019). A comprehensive multicomponent school-based educational intervention did not affect fruit and vegetable intake at the 14-year follow-up. Preventive Medicine. ISSN 0091-7435. 121, s. 79–85. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.015. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugland, Siri Håvås; Coombes, Lindsey & Stea, Tonje Holte (2019). Associations between parenting and substance use, meal pattern and food choices: A cross-sectional survey of 13,269 Norwegian adolescents. Preventive Medicine Reports. ISSN 2211-3355. 14. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100862. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Johansen, Bjørn Tore; Haugland, Siri Håvås & Stea, Tonje Holte (2018). Participation in organized sports is associated with decreased likelihood of unhealthy lifestyle habits in adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. 28(11), s. 2384–2396. doi: 10.1111/sms.13250. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Rønnestad, Jannike Berggren; Rennestraum, Kjersti Hovland; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård & Klepp, Knut Inge [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Effects of 1 y of free school fruit on intake of fruits, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks: 14 y later. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. 108. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy243. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Tveter, Eline Tønnesson; te Velde, Saskia J.; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling Tufte (2018). The effect of an extra piece of fruit or vegetables at school on weight status in two generations - 14 years follow-up of the Fruit and Vegetables Makes the Marks study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 13:e0205498(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205498. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Samdal, Gro Beate; Meland, Eivind; Eide, Geir Egil; Berntsen, Sveinung; Abildsnes, Eirik & Stea, Tonje Holte [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). The Norwegian Healthy Life Centre Study: A pragmatic RCT of physical activity in primary care. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. s. 1–10. doi: 10.1177/1403494818785260.
• Samdal, Gro Beate; Meland, Eivind; Eide, Geir Egil; Berntsen, Sveinung; Abildsnes, Eirik & Stea, Tonje Holte [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Participants at Norwegian Healthy Life Centres: Who are they, why do they attend and how are they motivated? A cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 46(7), s. 774–781. doi: 10.1177/1403494818756081.
• Bolt-Evensen, Kathrine; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Stea, Tonje Holte; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling (2018). Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages from childhood to adulthood in relation to socioeconomic status - 15 years follow-up in Norway. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. ISSN 1479-5868. 15:8, s. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12966-018-0646-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: In Norway, social inequalities in health and health-related behaviors have been reported despite the well-developed welfare state. The objective of the present study was to analyze; (i) the development in frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) from childhood to adulthood; (ii) socioeconomic inequalities in the consumption of SSB and ASB using different indicators of socioeconomic status (SES); (iii) time trends in potential disparities in SSB and ASB consumption among different socioeconomic groups to assess the development in socioeconomic inequality from childhood to adulthood. METHODS: This study uses data from the Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks (FVMM) longitudinal cohort, including participants (n = 437) from 20 random schools from two Norwegian counties. Data from the first survey in 2001 (mean age 11.8) and follow-up surveys in 2005 (mean age 15.5) and 2016 (mean age 26.5) were used. Consumption of SSB and ASB were measured using a food frequency questionnaire, which the participants completed at school in 2001 and 2005, and online in 2016. Various indicators of SES were included; in 2001, parental education and income were measured, in 2005, participants' educational intentions in adolescence were measured, and in 2016, participants' own education and income were measured. The main analyses conducted were linear mixed effects analysis of the repeated measures. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2016, a decrease in frequency of consumption of SSB (2.8 v 1.3 times/week; p = < 0.001) and an increase in frequency of consumption of ASB (1.1 v 1.6 times/week; p = 0.002) were observed. Participants with a higher educational level in adulthood and higher educational intentions in adolescence had a significantly lower frequency of consumption of SSB at all time points (2001, 2005 and 2016). No significant widening (or narrowing) of inequalities were observed from childhood to adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in consumption of SSB and an increase in consumption of ASB from childhood to adulthood were found. Participants with high SES consumed in general less SSB (but not ASB), however, results varied depending on SES indicator used. The established inequalities persisted from childhood to adulthood.

• Haraldstad, Kristin; Rohde, Gudrun E.; Stea, Tonje Holte; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde; Hetlelid, Ken Joar & Paulsen, Gøran [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Changes in health-related quality of life in elderly men after 12 weeks of strength training. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. ISSN 1813-7253. 14(1). doi: 10.1186/s11556-017-0177-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Muscular strength is associated with functional ability in elderly, and older adults are recommended to perform muscle-strengthening exercise. Understanding how improved muscle strength and -mass influence general and specific domains of quality of life is important when planning health promotion efforts targeting older adults. The aims of the present study were to describe changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older men participating in 12 weeks of systematic strength training, and to investigate whether improvements in muscle strength and muscle mass are associated with enhancements in HRQOL. Methods: We recruited 49 men aged 60–81 years to participate in an intervention study with pre-post assessment. The participants completed a 12-week strength training program consisting of three sessions per week. Tests and measurements aimed at assessing change in HRQOL, and changes in physical performance (maximal strength) and physiological characteristics. HRQOL was measured using the 12-item short-form survey (SF-12). Muscle mass was assessed based on changes in lean mass (leg, trunk, arm, and total), and strength was measured as one-repetition maximum in leg extension, leg press, and biceps curl. Results: Two of the eight HRQOL SF-12 scores, role physical and general health, and the physical component summary scores, increased significantly during the intervention period. Small significant positive correlations were identified between improvements in muscle strength, and better physical and social function. Moreover, a significant increase in total muscle mass was seen during the intervention period. Conclusions: The positive, findings from this study would suggest that systematic strength training seems to be a beneficial intervention to improve HRQOL, muscle strength and muscle mass in older men.

• Stunes, Astrid Kamilla; Syversen, Unni; Berntsen, Sveinung; Paulsen, Gøran; Stea, Tonje Holte & Hetlelid, Ken Joar [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). High doses of vitamin C plus E reduce strength training-induced improvements in areal bone mineral density in elderly men. European Journal of Applied Physiology. ISSN 1439-6319. 117(6), s. 1073–1084. doi: 10.1007/s00421-017-3588-y. Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Resistance training is beneficial for maintaining bone mass. We aimed to investigate the skeletal effects of high doses of antioxidants [vitamin C + E (α-tocopherol)] supplementation during 12-week supervised strength training in healthy, elderly men Methods: Design: double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled study. Participants followed a supervised, undulating periodic exercise program with weekly adjusted load: 3 sessions/week and 3–15 repetitions maximum (RM) sets/exercise. The control group (CG, n = 17, 67 ± 5 years) received placebo and the antioxidant group (AO, n = 16, 70 ± 7 years) 1000 mg vitamin C + 235 mg vitamin E, daily. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at whole body, lumbar spine (L1–L4), total hip, and femoral neck were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength by 1RM. Serum analyses of bone-related factors and adipokines were performed. Results: In the CG, total hip aBMD increased by 1.0% (CI: 0.3–1.7) versus pretest and lumbar spine aBMD increased by 0.9% (CI: −0.2 to 2.0) compared to the AO. In the CG, there was an increase in serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 [+27.3% (CI: −0.3 to 54.9)] and leptin [+31.2% (CI: 9.8–52.6)) versus pretest, and a decrease in sclerostin [−9.9% (CI: 4.4–15.3)] versus pretest and versus AO. Serum bone formation markers P1NP and osteocalcin increased in both groups, while the bone resorption marker CTX-1 remained unchanged. Conclusion: High doses of antioxidant supplementations may constrain the favorable skeletal benefits of 12 weeks of resistance exercise in healthy elderly men.

• Djupegot, Ingrid Laukeland; Nenseth, Camilla; Bere, Elling; Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Helland, Sissel Heidi & Øverby, Nina Cecilie [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). The association between time scarcity, sociodemographic correlates and consumption of ultra-processed foods among parents in Norway: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 17(1). doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4408-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Abildsnes, Eirik; Rohde, Gudrun E.; Berntsen, Sveinung & Stea, Tonje Holte (2017). Fun, influence and competence-a mixed methods study of prerequisites for high school students' participation in physical education. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 17:241, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4154-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Befus, Eva-Grethe; Mølland, Eirin; Helseth, Sølvi; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Stea, Tonje Holte & Nolte, Sandra [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Livskvalitet og psykisk helse hos ungdom.
• Befus, Eva-Grethe; Mølland, Eirin; Helseth, Sølvi; Hagen, Milada; Stea, Tonje Holte & Nolte, Sandra [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Lørdagsuniversitetet i Kristiansand: Hva kan vi gjøre for ungdoms psykiske helse?
• Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Abildsnes, Eirik; Haraldstad, Kristin & Stea, Tonje Holte (2023). Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life and Sleep Habits after a 6-Month Non-Randomised Cluster-Controlled Trial among Children with Overweight or Obesity.
• Steigen, Anne Mari; Bonsaksen, Tore; Granrud, Marie Dahlen; Dangmann, Cecilie Ruud & Stea, Tonje Holte (2023). Time trends in sexual harassment exposure among adolescents in Norway between 2017 and 2021.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Steigen, Anne Mari; Stea, Tonje Holte; Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Lien, Lars & Leonhardt, Marja (2023). Negative social media experiences and lower self-efficacy are associated with depressive symptoms.
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2023). Ungdata - Risikofaktorer forbundet med helseproblemer, selvskading og selvmordsfare blant norske ungdommer. Vis sammendrag

  Professor Tonje Holte Stea (UiA) vil presentere ny forskning basert på Ungdata som identifiserer ulike risikofaktorer og beskyttende faktorer for fysisk og psykisk helse blant norske ungdommer. Resultatene beskriver komplekse sammenhenger mellom en rekke ulike faktorer som sosioøkonomisk bakgrunn, sosial støtte, opplevd press, mobbing og symptomer på depresjon, selvskading og selvmordstanker blant ungdom i Agder. Nasjonale tall viser også en sterk sammenheng mellom seksuelle overgrep, bruk av rusmidler og helserelaterte konsekvenser. Samtidig har vi undersøkt i hvilken grad ungdom som er utsatt for seksuelle overgrep oppsøker helsetjenester for ungdom. Noen av resultatene overrasket oss forskere også. Vi mener at slike studier bidrar med økt kunnskap slik at foreldre, skole og helsevesen kan drive god forebygging og tilby tilpasset oppfølging og behandling for sårbare grupper.

• Stea, Tonje Holte (2023). Verdensdagen for selvmordsforebygging.
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Vettore, Mario Vianna; Øvrebø, Bente & Abildsnes, Eirik (2022). Changes in dietary habits after a six-months intervention study among overweight and obese children.
• Haugland, Siri Håvås & Stea, Tonje Holte (2022). Commentary on Welford, Danielsson & Manhica: The complexity of life conditions among offspring exposed to parental SUD. Addiction. ISSN 0965-2140. 117(7), s. 2057–2058. doi: 10.1111/add.15870.
• Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Vettore, Mario Vianna; Hartz, Ingeborg; Haugland, Siri Håvås & Stea, Tonje Holte (2022). Patterns of unhealthy behaviours during adolescence and subsequent anxiety and depression in adulthood. A prospective register linkage study of the HUNT survey and health registries.
• Øvrebø, Bente; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Stea, Tonje Holte; Wills, Andrew Keith; Bere, Elling Tufte & Suren, Pål [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Prevalence of overweight, obesity and central adiposity among children with immigrant background in Norway.
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2022). Skolefrukt hadde ingen effekt på overvekt: – Synd at det ble avsluttet. [TV]. NRK TV Dagsrevyen + NRK TV Sørlandssendinga.
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2020). Vil halvere antibiotikabruken med aronia-juice. [Radio]. NRK Sørlandet.
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2020). Tror bruk av antibiotika kan halveres med aronia-juice. [Internett]. Forskning.no.
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2020). Vil halvere antibiotikabruken med aronia-juice. [Avis]. Fædrelandsvennen.
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2020). Aronia-bær skal halvere bruken av antibiotika og styrke immunforsvaret hos eldre. Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790.
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2020). Disse spiser mest frukt og grønt. [Internett]. Uia.no.
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2020). Nordmenn er blant de ivrigste fruktspiserne i Europa. Men kampanjene som skal få oss til å spise mer frukt og grønt, virker bare på kvinner. [Internett]. Forskning.no.
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2020). Las mujeres de alto nivel educativo son las que comen más fruta y verdura en Europa. [Avis]. El Pais.
• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Bere, Elling Tufte & Stea, Tonje Holte (2019). Time trends (1995-2006) in dietary habits among Among adolescents in relation to the Norwegian School Fruit Scheme: The HUNT study .
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2019). Sosial ulikhet i kosthold og helse. I Engeset, Dagrun; Torheim, Liv Elin & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (Red.), Samfunnsernæring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215030630.
• Stea, Tonje Holte & De Ridder, Karin (2019). Clustering of lifestyle behaviors among Norwegian adolescents.
• Asbjørnsen, Rikke Aune; Smedsrød, Mirjam Lien; Hjelmesæth, Jøran; Hertel, Jens Kristoffer; Gemert-Pijnen, Lisette Van & Varsi, Cecilie [Vis alle 21 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Building an eHealth intervention for weight maintenance after weight loss: Identifying behavioral design elements & user needs.
• Haugland, Siri Håvås; Stea, Tonje Holte & De Ridder, Karin (2018). Health risk-behaviors among young people not in employment, education or training (NEET).
• Stea, Tonje Holte (2018). Hva er sammenhengen mellom skolemat og læring. [Radio]. Her og Nå. NRK.
• Bolt-Evensen, Kathrine; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Stea, Tonje Holte; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling (2017). Consumption of artificially sweetened beverages from childhood to adulthood.
• Tveter, ElineTønnesson; Stea, Tonje Holte; te Velde, Saskia J.; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling (2017). One year of free school fruit. Results on weight status of two generations fifteen years later, 15 years later.
• Rønnestad, Jannike; Stea, Tonje Holte; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling (2017). One year of free school fruit. Results on unhealthy snacks fifteen years later.
• Rennestraum, Kjersti Hovland; Stea, Tonje Holte; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling (2017). One year of free school fruit. Results on fruit and vegetable intake, 15 years later.
• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Stea, Tonje Holte; Magnus, Per; Krokstad, Steinar & Bere, Elling (2017). A Study Protocol: Evaluating the natural experiment of free school fruit.
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Stornes, Per Gunnar; Bere, Elling & Eikemo, Terje Andreas (2017). European women with low education consume as much fruit as men with high education.
• Bere, Elling & Stea, Tonje Holte (2017). Editorial: School food provided for free. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 45(1), s. 1–2. doi: 10.1177/1403494816683297.
• Øvrebø, Bente; Bere, Elling Tufte & Stea, Tonje Holte (2022). Evaluations of school-based and fiscal efforts on diet-related behaviors and weight, emphasizing fruit, vegetables, candy, and soda. University of Agder. ISSN 9788284270647.
• Løvik, Martinus; Dahl, Lisbeth; Mangschou, Bente; Ulven, Stine Marie; Andersen, Lene Frost & Dalen, Knut Tomas [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Assessment of dietary intake of fluoride and maximum limits of fluoride in food supplements. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-328-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Strand, Tor A; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun; Løvik, Martinus & Stea, Tonje Holte [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Assessment of dietary intake of molybdenum in relation to tolerable upper intake level. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-302-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holvik, Kristin; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun; Løvik, Martinus & Stea, Tonje Holte [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Assessment of dietary intake of vitamin K and maximum limits for vitamin K in food supplements. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safetyand Enviroment (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-300-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Margaretha; Frøyland, Livar; Henjum, Sigrun; Løvik, Martinus; Stea, Tonje Holte & Strand, Tor A [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Assessment of dietary intake of manganese in relation to tolerable upper intake level. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-299-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Løvik, Martinus; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun; Stea, Tonje Holte & Strand, Tor A [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Assessment of dietary intake of chromium (III) in relation to tolerable upper intake Level. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Enviroment (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-303-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Margaretha; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Henjum, Sigrun; Holvik, Kristin & Løvik, Martinus [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of vitamin B6 intake in relation to tolerable upper intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-260-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Margaretha; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Henjum, Sigrun; Holvik, Kristin & Løvik, Martinus [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of vitamin E intake in relation to tolerable upper intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-521-8526-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Strand, Tor A; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun & Holvik, Kristin [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of iron intake in relation to tolerable upper intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-262-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Strand, Tor A; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun & Holvik, Kristin [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of zinc intake in relation to tolerable upper intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-263-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Holvik, Kristin; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun; Løvik, Martinus & Stea, Tonje Holte [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Risk assessment of "other substances" - L-alanine. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-269-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Løvik, Martinus; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun; Stea, Tonje Holte & Strand, Tor A [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Risk assessment of "other substances" – beta-alanine. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-270-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun & Løvik, Martinus [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of dietary intake of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in relation to tolerable upper intake levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-284-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Løvik, Martinus; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun; Holvik, Kristin & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Risk assessment of "other substances" – L-threonine. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-267-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Henjum, Sigrun; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Holvik, Kristin; Løvik, Martinus & Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Risk assessment of "other substances" – L-aspartic acid. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-268-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Haugen, Margaretha; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Henjum, Sigrun; Løvik, Martinus & Stea, Tonje Holte [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of dietary intake of potassium in relation to upper guidance Level. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-274-1.
• Haugen, Margaretha; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Henjum, Sigrun; Løvik, Martinus & Stea, Tonje Holte [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of Dietary Intake of Phosphorus in Relation to Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-275-8.
• Strand, Tor A; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun & Løvik, Martinus [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of copper intake in relation to tolerable upper intake Levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-276-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Strand, Tor A; Lillegaard, Inger Therese L.; Frøyland, Livar; Haugen, Margaretha; Henjum, Sigrun & Løvik, Martinus [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Assessment of selenium intake in relation to tolerable upper intake levels. Opinion of the Panel on Nutrition, Dietetic Products, Novel Food and Allergy of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM). ISSN 978-82-8259-277-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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