Kjetil Rustenberg

• Radianti, Jaziar; Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth; Steen-Tveit, Kristine & Rustenberg, Kjetil (2023). Enhancing Learning from Incidents by Reconstruction of Events: Using the SQUARE Tool for Evaluation. I Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (Red.), 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISSN 979-8-218-21749-5. s. 663–675. doi: 10.59297/EQKP4179.
• Rustenberg, Kjetil & Steen-Tveit, Kristine (2023). En digital møteplass for samhandling. Sikkerhet. ISSN 0805-6080. s. 65–67.
• Rustenberg, Kjetil; Radianti, Jaziar & Gjøsæter, Terje (2023). Exploring Demons for the Establishment of Team Situational Awareness. I Radianti, Jaziar; Dokas, Ioannis; LaLone, Nicolas & Khazanchi, Deepak (Red.), 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference (ISCRAM 2023). ISCRAM. ISSN 979-8-218-21749-5. s. 636–648. Vis sammendrag

  Individual situational awareness (SA) is crucial for building team SA, which is necessary for achieving a shared understanding of a situation, making informed decisions, and taking appropriate actions. This article examines the communication barriers that emerge when transitioning from individual to team SA in emergency management scenarios. We observed two emergency exercises on "ongoing life-threatening violence" and dam failure causing hospital congestion. The study was complemented with interviews with participants of these exercises, aiming at identifying barriers called SA-demons in the team setting. We discovered barriers that hinder the establishment of team SA, including a vicious cycle of mistrust, a fragmented information trap, a false feeling of mastery trap, and a decaying memory trap. These barriers can stem from individual, organizational, or technological factors. To complement existing SA theories, we applied the Cynefin framework and found that standard operating procedures can be potential barriers when transitioning into chaotic or complex domains.

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• Rustenberg, Kjetil & Munkvold, Bjørn Erik (2022). Et godt samvirke kan kreve at vi må ha tillit til dem vi ikke kjenner. Ambulanseforum. ISSN 0800-6423. Vis sammendrag

  Det er mye som peker mot at fysisk samlokalisering av 110, 112 og 113, 11X- sentralene bygger tillit mellom etatene som er samlokaliserte. Men et samvirke ved større hendelser består ofte av flere aktører enn 11X. Hvordan kan vi skape og ivareta tillit mellom 11X og andre aktører slik at vi oppnår et best mulig samvirke?

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Rustenberg, Kjetil & Steen-Tveit, Kristine (2021). Adoption and use of standard operating procedures for emergency response. Vis sammendrag

  Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are important as a basis for effective emergency response. These procedures specify roles, tasks, and steps to be taken during different stages of an incident. The different first responder agencies and other organisations involved in emergency response have SOPs specifying their operations and communication protocols, both for internal operations and for joint operations involving collaboration between several organisations. These procedures exist in different forms and formats, involving varying degrees of computer support. While the SOPs are part of the training of first responders, experience from real events as well as exercises show that the use of the SOPs are often varying and somewhat inconsistent even within the same organisation. The procedures are also typically underspecified regarding from where relevant information should be collected, how this information can be accessed, and whether this information should be shared with other responders. Also, first responders argue that the format of the SOPs often is not perceived as effective for supporting their operations in time critical situations, in terms of level of detail, accessibility and presentation clarity. Experienced emergency dispatchers in command and control centres report how following rigid communication procedures sometimes is considered to be non-conducive for an efficient dialogue with the caller. Also, procedures for efficient combination of various data sources to gain optimal value from these while also avoiding information overload, are also often missing in these command and control centres. The presentation is based on findings from the INSITU project funded by the Research Council of Norway, investigating current practices for information sharing among organisations involved in emergency preparedness and response in Norway. From workshops, interviews and observation in exercises, we analyse existing use of SOPs and possible improvements of these. In a recent digital tabletop exercise using a multiple forest fire scenario, we collected data on how situational reports and common operational pictures were shared from the local incident command and fire services to the affected municipalities and county, to providers of critical infrastructure (energy grid, telecommunications, road administration), and to the national level of emergency management. The findings show how efficient SOPs for situational reports and information sharing are either missing or have limitations negatively affecting the support from these procedures. We discuss factors influencing the adoption and use of SOPs among emergency stakeholders, and present recommendations for developing and implementing procedures that can effectively support emergency operations through consistent and widespread use.

• Munkvold, Bjørn Erik; Gjøsæter, Terje; Hagen, Dag Auby; Opach, Tomasz; Pilemalm, Sofie Elisabeth & Radianti, Jaziar [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Evaluering av INSITU skogbrannøvelse. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-8427-050-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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