Rotem Shneor

• Shneor, Rotem & Ryu, Sunghan (2024). Digital Creative Entrepreneurship. In Ryu, Sunghan; Xiang, Yong & Zhang, Weiming (Ed.), Guide to Digital Innovation in the Cultural and Creative Industry. Sage Publications. ISSN 978-1071909980. p. 95–108.
• Rykkja, Anders; Shneor, Rotem; Mæhle, Natalia & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2024). Cultural Crowdfunding: Does Experience Matter? Beta. ISSN 0801-3322. 31(1), p. 1–18. doi: 10.18261/beta.37.1.7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Despite increasing interest in crowdfunding as an alternative source of, or supplementary, funding, there is still limited adoption of this new digital practice among artists. The current study explores the variety of funding sources that artists use for their projects and the position of crowdfunding in relation to traditional sources. In addition, this study discusses how artists who embrace crowdfunding differ from those who have not tried it. The results indicate that favorable attitudes toward crowdfunding, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and perceived behavioral control are exhibited at higher levels among artists with crowdfunding experience compared to those without it. To enable greater adoption, efforts need to be directed toward communication about the benefits of crowdfunding for artists, as well as the promotion of success cases. The endorsement of crowdfunding by cultural authorities (e.g., through match funding) may further boost its uptake and unlock additional resources for cultural workers in a time of digital disruption and increased uncertainty.

• Baah-Peprah, Prince; Shneor, Rotem & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2024). “In this together”: on the antecedents and implications of crowdfunding community identification and trust. Venture Capital : an International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance. ISSN 1369-1066. p. 1–31. doi: 10.1080/13691066.2024.2310232. Full text in Research Archive
• Arshad, Nadia; Shneor, Rotem & Berndt, Adele (2023). The reward crowdfunding campaign management process: an engagement perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. ISSN 1355-2554. 30(11), p. 1–18. doi: 10.1108/IJEBR-05-2023-0480. Full text in Research Archive
• Serwaah, Priscilla; Shneor, Rotem; Anokye Nyarko, Samuel & Roed Nielsen, Kristian (2023). Explaining gender differences in crowdfunding contribution intentions. Technology in society. ISSN 0160-791X. 76. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102425. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Crowdfunding represents digital fundraising channels that may enhance participation of females in project fundraising. The current study aims to analyze the gender differences in effects exerted by cognitive antecedents of financial contribution intentions (CCI) in the context of reward crowdfunding. Specifically, survey data was collected in Ghana, where crowdfunding is at its infancy, and where gender inequality is socially prevalent. Overall, 403 responses are included in the analysis. Data was analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM), while examining associations between variables in male and female samples separately. First, when using an equality of means test, we show that females exhibit significantly higher levels of CCI, perceived risk, homophily, and prosocial orientation, as well as significantly lower levels of self-efficacy. Second, when using a between-group analysis comparing unstandardized betas, we observe that: (1) self-efficacy has stronger effects on CCI in males; (2) homophily has stronger effects on CCI in females; (3) prosocial orientation's effect on CCI does not differ between genders; (4) a stronger effect of susceptibility to social influence on CCI in females is partially evident; and surprisingly, (5) perceived risk has a stronger negative effect on CCI in males. The results, possible explanations, and implications are then discussed.

• Meghouar, Hicham; Ezzahid, Hibbat-Allah & Shneor, Rotem (2023). What drives the use of crowdfunding by micro-entrepreneurs in Morocco? – exploring fundraiser motives and characteristics. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. ISSN 2053-4604. doi: 10.1108/JEEE-04-2023-0177. Full text in Research Archive
• Efrat, Kalanit; Gilboa, Shaked; Wald, Andreas Erich & Shneor, Rotem (2023). Loyalty and well-being explain serial crowdfunding backing behavior: an empirical test of complementary theories. Internet Research. ISSN 1066-2243. doi: 10.1108/INTR-09-2022-0707. Show summary

  Purpose – Despite the critical contribution of serial backers in advancing crowdfunding volumes, few studies have addressed the phenomenon of serial backing. Research on the motivations of backers suggests that cognitive antecedents influence pledging in crowdfunding projects according to the theory of planned behavior. However, intrinsic factors associated with different dimensions of well-being may also explain crowdfunding support. This study seeks to advance the understanding of drivers of serial backing by combining the theory of planned behavior and the theory of well-being. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on survey data from 336 serial backers, complemented by objective data on the number of campaigns and amounts invested by backers from Headstart, the largest crowdfunding platform in Israel. The research model is tested using structural equation modeling. Findings – The findings indicate that the well-being of serial backers mediates the impact of attitude, subjective norms and social norms on their loyalty. However, while loyalty can be explained by elements of both theories, it does not translate into actual serial backing behavior. Originality/value – This study is the first to systematically explore serial backers’ motivations in crowdfunding and the influence of these motivations on their actual behavior. It combines two previously separate theories, the theory of planned behavior and the theory of well-being.

• Shneor, Rotem; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Mæhle, Natalia; Rykkja, Anders; Demattos Guimaraes, Alice & Dalla Chiesa, Carolina (2022). Crowdfunding Adoption by Artists: A comparison of Norway and Brazil. In Berliner, Daniel & Shneor, Rotem (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Crowdfunding Research . Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-693153-0-1. p. 29–30.
• Shneor, Rotem (2022). The context: the crowdfunding market and its recent developments. In Eugenia, Macchiavello (Eds.), Regulation on European Crowdfunding Service Providers for Business: A Commentary. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 978 1 80220 993 8. p. 15–27. doi: https:/doi.org/10.4337/9781802209945.00014.
• Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Goedecke, Jann (2022). On relationship types, their strength, and reward crowdfunding backer behavior. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 154. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.058. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study examines the association among relationship types, their strength, and contribution behavior in reward crowdfunding. We analyzed data on 568 relational dyads between fundraisers and backers from successful campaigns on KarolinaFund. We collected data from fundraisers and classified the relations they had with backers before the campaign, and their strength. Our findings show that pre-existing relations contribute to a greater extent than previously unknown backers. Among backers with whom relations exist prior to the campaigns, those that have stronger relations with the fundraiser make higher contributions. Strength of relations negatively moderates the association between purely private relations and contribution extent, and positively moderates the association between professional relations and contribution extent. When comparing sub-samples of early and late contributors, we find that private relations contribute to a significantly greater extent at earlier stages, and professional relations contribute to a significant lesser extent in later stages.

• Lukkarinen, Anna; Shneor, Rotem & Wallenius, Jyrki (2022). Growing pains and blessings: Manifestations and implications of equity crowdfunding industry maturation. Decision Support Systems. ISSN 0167-9236. 157. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2022.113768. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The equity crowdfunding industry has grown significantly in the past decade. Industry life cycle theory suggests that growth dynamics and relations between stakeholders change as industries mature. The present study examines the characteristics and implications of maturation in the equity crowdfunding industry via the lens of industry life cycle theory. Specifically, we explore whether the industry is reverting to traditional entrepreneurial finance practice, or whether it retains its original distinguishing characteristics. Accordingly, we first assess changes with respect to users (investors) and products (campaigns and investment objects). Second, we assess the implications of these changes by comparing the determinants of fundraising campaign success in earlier and later industry stages. We use a longitudinal database and survey data sourced from a long-standing European equity crowdfunding platform. We show that equity crowdfunding seems to be converging towards traditional entrepreneurial finance practice, yet maintaining certain unique features stemming from digitality, platform nature, and investor diversity. Specifically, we show that (1) fundraising ventures and their campaigns have become larger and more professional, and (2) engaged investors became more knowledgeable and return-oriented. Accordingly, traditional investment criteria, such as team and commercial terms ratings, have become more important predictors of campaign success, and easily observable campaign characteristics, such as B2C business models, and minimum investment thresholds, less so. The findings support platform managers and entrepreneurs as they plan for campaigns seeking to attract investors in the industry's later stages.

• Serwaah, Priscilla & Shneor, Rotem (2021). Women and entrepreneurial finance: a systematic review. Venture Capital : an International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance. ISSN 1369-1066. 23(4), p. 291–319. doi: 10.1080/13691066.2021.2010507. Show summary

  The intersection of gender and entrepreneurship has received growing attention in recent years from academics, practitioners, and policy makers. The current paper reviews research on what influences women’s demand for- and supply of entrepreneurial finance, while suggesting a conceptual approach untangling contradictory findings in earlier studies. This is achieved through a systematic literature review of 113 carefully selected papers, published between 1989 and 2019. Specifically, the review includes 77 studies dedicated to female access to finance, 32 studies on female investment behaviour, and 4 studies addressing both. We find that inconsistent findings can be traced to a combination of wide theoretical plurality in one-half of the studies and an absence of theoretical anchoring in the other half, calling for conceptual integration of existing theories with feminist critiques. Accordingly, we propose integrative conceptual frameworks highlighting the roles of explicit and symbolic factors impacting women’s access to- and investment of- financial resources. This approach led us to suggest that refocusing research on symbolic and intangible factors may help uncover new associations, otherwise obscured in earlier research. Furthermore, the inclusion of interaction terms with gender-related variables may also help untangle existing inconsistencies.

• Baah-Peprah, Prince & Shneor, Rotem (2021). A Trust-Based Crowdfunding Campaign Marketing Framework: Theoretical Underpinnings and Big-Data Analytics Practice. International Journal of Big Data Management (IJBDM). ISSN 2631-8679. 2(1), p. 1–24. doi: 10.1504/IJBDM.2022.119453. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhao, Liang; Shneor, Rotem & Zhe, Sun (2021). Skin in the game: Self-funding and reward crowdfunding success. Business Horizons. ISSN 0007-6813. 65(1), p. 89–100. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2021.09.007.
• Shneor, Rotem; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Zhu, Helena & Alon, Ilan (2021). Individualism, collectivism and reward crowdfunding contribution intention and behavior. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. ISSN 1567-4223. 47. doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101045. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The study examines the role of the individualism-collectivism (IDV) cultural dimension in reward crowdfunding contribution intentionality and behavior. An extended Theory of Planned Behavior framework is used for comparative analysis using survey data collected from users of national platforms from opposing cultures along the IDV dimension – China and Finland. Main findings suggest that: attitudes are positively associated with information sharing and financial contribution intentions in both cultures; collectivism enhances the effects of subjective norms on both intentions; behavior control is more strongly observed in individualistic cultures; and information sharing intentions are more strongly associated with contribution behavior in collectivistic cultures.

• Shneor, Rotem; Mrzyglod, Urszula; Adamska-Mieruszewska, Joanna & Fornalska-Skurczyńska, Anna (2021). The role of social trust in reward crowdfunding campaigns’ design and success. Electronic Markets. ISSN 1019-6781. doi: 10.1007/s12525-021-00456-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Shneor, Rotem; Flåten, Bjørn-Tore & Zhao, Liang (2020). The Future of Crowdfunding Research and Practice. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 499–519. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_21. Full text in Research Archive
• Rykkja, Anders; Mæhle, Natalia; Munim, Ziaul Haque & Shneor, Rotem (2020). Crowdfunding in the Cultural Industries. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 423–440. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_18. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Cultural production has stood at the forefront of crowdfunding adoption representing some of the first crowdfunding campaigns on record. This development emerged as part of comprehensive value chain reconfigurations in the cultural sector, which were triggered by the advent of digitalization on the one hand and the downsizing in public funds on the other. As a result, the emerging phenomenon here labelled as ‘cultural crowdfunding’ (CCF) has captured the imagination of researchers and practitioners. The study of CCF is of high relevance, as it presses creators to strike a balance between the commercial and the non-commercial, the economic and the cultural outcomes, as well as the authentic and independent versus the mass dictated and dependent. In this chapter we review earlier research on CCF and identify core themes and key studies representing such themes. Later, we outline an agenda for future research, while also suggesting some implications for practice.

• Shneor, Rotem & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (2020). Crowdfunding Education: Objectives, Content, Pedagogy, and Assessment. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 475–497. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_20. Full text in Research Archive
• Wenzlaff, Karsten; Odorovic, Ana; Ziegler, Tania & Shneor, Rotem (2020). Crowdfunding in Europe: Between Fragmentation and Harmonization. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 373–390. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_16. Full text in Research Archive
• Chao, Emmanuel; Serwaah, Priscilla; Baah-Peprah, Prince & Shneor, Rotem (2020). Crowdfunding in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 319–339. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_14. Full text in Research Archive
• Shneor, Rotem & Torjesen, Stina (2020). Ethical Considerations in Crowdfunding. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 161–182. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_8. Full text in Research Archive
• Zhao, Liang & Shneor, Rotem (2020). Donation Crowdfunding: Principles and Donor Behaviour. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 145–160. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_7. Full text in Research Archive
• Ziegler, Tania & Shneor, Rotem (2020). Lending Crowdfunding: Principles and Market Development. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 63–92. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_4. Full text in Research Archive
• Ziegler, Tania; Shneor, Rotem & Zhang, Bryan (2020). The Global Status of the Crowdfunding Industry. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 43–61. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_3. Full text in Research Archive
• Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (2020). Introduction: From Fundamentals to Advances in Crowdfunding Research and Practice. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 1–18. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_1. Full text in Research Archive
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). Crowdfunding Models, Strategies, and Choices Between Them. In Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (Ed.), Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-46309-0. p. 21–42. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-46309-0_2. Full text in Research Archive
• Munim, Ziaul Haque; Shneor, Rotem; Adewumi, Olugbenga Michael & Shakil, Mohammad Hassan (2020). Determinants of crowdfunding intention in a developing economy: ex-ante evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Emerging Markets. ISSN 1746-8809. p. 1–21. doi: 10.1108/IJOEM-08-2019-0657. Show summary

  Purpose SME funding gaps in developing economies are substantial. Crowdfunding is an innovative way to raise funds that may be part of the solution for closing such gaps. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of crowdfunding contribution intentions in the context of a developing country –Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach The authors collect data by using a structured questionnaire distributed through Facebook. The analysis is based on data collected from 252 valid responses and uses the ordered probit regression for estimation. For robustness, the authors also estimate the hypothesized model using ordered logistic regression and OLS regression finding identical results. Findings The authors find that liking the campaign idea and positive media coverage of a crowdfunding campaign have a positive association with crowdfunding contribution intention. Surprisingly, personal relations, others' recommendation and the location of the campaign's owner were not significantly associated with crowdfunding contribution intention in our study. Moreover, respondents' location in Bangladesh (vs. abroad) and their age are positively associated with contribution intention, while education is negatively associated with intention. Originality/value Earlier studies focused on the determinants of ex post crowdfunding intentions in developed and more mature crowdfunding markets. The authors contribute by examining ex ante crowdfunding contribution intentions in the developing economy of Bangladesh, which is at the market's inception stage.

• Shneor, Rotem; Smith, Brock; Smith, Claudia & Jann, Goedecke (2020). The Differential Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Segments of Students. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy (EE&P). 4(4), p. 718–739. doi: 10.1177/2515127420936240.
• Shneor, Rotem & Vik, Amy Ann (2020). Crowdfunding success: a systematic literature review 2010–2017. Baltic Journal of Management. ISSN 1746-5265. 15(2), p. 149–182. doi: 10.1108/BJM-04-2019-0148. Full text in Research Archive
• Shneor, Rotem & Mæhle, Natalia (2020). Editorial: Advancing crowdfunding research: new insights and future research agenda. Baltic Journal of Management. ISSN 1746-5265. 15(2), p. 141–147. doi: 10.1108/BJM-04-2020-420. Full text in Research Archive
• Shneor, Rotem & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2019). Reward crowdfunding contribution as planned behaviour: An extended framework. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 103, p. 56–70. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.013. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Reward crowdfunding is a popular channel for entrepreneurial fundraising, whereby backers receive non-monetary benefits in return for monetary contributions while accepting risks of non-delivery on campaign pitch promises. To understand contribution behavior in this context, we apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for analyzing contribution intentionality and behavior, as well as their antecedents. We use survey data from 560 users of Finland's leading reward crowdfunding platform– Mesenaatti. Our findings show that an extended TPB model holds for reward crowdfunding and that both financial-contribution intentions and information-sharing intentions predict behavior. This highlights the dual nature of reward crowdfunding-contribution intentions and behavior, where information sharing helps reduce information asymmetry and serves as a quality signal in support of financial contribution. This paper also presents significant differences in attitudes, self-efficacy, financial contribution and information-sharing intentions between high-sum and low-sum contributors.

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• Berliner, Daniel & Shneor, Rotem (2022). Proceedings of the International Conference on Crowdfunding Research . Universitetet i Agder. ISBN 978-82-693153-0-1. 35 p.
• Shneor, Rotem; Zhao, Liang & Flåten, Bjørn-Tore (2020). Advances in Crowdfunding: Research and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-46309-0. 543 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Shneor, Rotem (2024). Introduction to Crowdfunding and Hands-On Advice.
• Shneor, Rotem (2024). Introduction to Crowdfunding and Hands-On Advice.
• Rykkja, Anders; Shneor, Rotem; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Dalla Chiesa, Carolina & Schlott, F. (2023). How productive are Patreon creators? A view of incentives at the margins.
• Mæhle, Natalia; Shneor, Rotem; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Nordgård, Daniel; Bonet, Lluis & Lazarro, Elisabetta (2023). Round table: Crowdfunding Cultural Industries - the CROWDCUL project.
• Mæhle, Natalia; Shneor, Rotem; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Nordgård, Daniel; Bonet, Lluis & Lazarro, Elisabetta (2023). Round table: Crowdfunding Cultural Industries - the CROWDCUL project.
• Ezzahid, Hibbat-Allah; Shneor, Rotem & Meghouar, Hicham (2023). What Drives the Use of Crowdfunding by Micro-Entrepreneurs in Morocco? - Exploring Fundraiser Motives and Characteristics.
• Arshad, Nadia; Shneor, Rotem & Berndt, Adele (2023). The Reward Crowdfunding Campaign Management Process: An Engagement Perspective.
• Zhu, Fengya; Shneor, Rotem; Zhang, Bryan & Xie, Zhifu (2023). Drivers of peer-to-peer consumer lending amounts: evidence from the Philippines.
• Berliner, Daniel; Shneor, Rotem & Wald, Andreas Erich (2023). Do Serial, Occasional and One-Time Equity Crowdfunding Investors Differ in Their Decision-Making Criteria?
• Shneor, Rotem (2023). Crowdfunding lowers barriers to finance...traditional players (will) enter the market.
• Shneor, Rotem (2023). Investitori più consapevoli e maggiore concorrenza: le sfide della maturità per l’equity crowdfunding europeo.
• Shneor, Rotem (2022). Introduction to Crowdfunding - November 2022.
• Shneor, Rotem (2022). Entrepreneurial Finance: Planning, Sources, and Crowdfunding.
• Bonet, Lluis; Rykkja, Anders; Munim, Ziaul Haque & Shneor, Rotem (2022). Institutional Crowdfunding: A Research Proposal for Museet Midt, Norway.
• Shneor, Rotem; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Mæhle, Natalia; Demattos Guimaraes, Alice & Dalla Chiesa, Carolina (2022). Crowdfunding Adoption by Artists: A comparative analysis of Norway and Brazil.
• Shneor, Rotem (2022). Crowdfunding: Opportunities for venture financing by the crowd.
• Shneor, Rotem (2022). Digital Lending and Digital Capital Raising.
• Shneor, Rotem (2022). Introduction to Streetlight Issues in Crowdfunding Research: Reflections, Directions, and Provocations.
• Efrat, Kalanit; Gilboa, Shaked; Shneor, Rotem & Wald, Andreas Erich (2022). What drives serial backers in crowdfunding? An empirical test of competing theories.
• Shneor, Rotem; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Mæhle, Natalia; Rykkja, Anders; Guimaraes, Alice Demattos & Dalla Chiesa, Carolina (2022). Crowdfunding Adoption by Artists: A comparative analysis of Norway and Brazil.
• Baah-Peprah, Prince; Shneor, Rotem & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2022). The Roles of Community Identification and Trust in Crowdfunding Information-Sharing Attitudes, Intentions, and Behaviors.
• Baah-Peprah, Prince; Shneor, Rotem & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2022). Explaining Reward Crowdfunding Backers’ Intentions and Behavior.
• Shneor, Rotem; Rykkja, Anders; Mæhle, Natalia & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2021). Drivers of Norwegian Artists' Use of Crowdfunding for Financing their Projects.
• Shneor, Rotem (2021). Crowdfunding and Sustainability.
• Shneor, Rotem (2021). Tyr til folkefinansiering for å utvikle bedriften. [Newspaper]. lister24.no.
• Shneor, Rotem; Rykkja, Anders; Mæhle, Natalia & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2021). Drivers of Norwegian Artists' Use of Crowdfunding for Financing their Projects.
• Shneor, Rotem; Rykkja, Anders; Mæhle, Natalia & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2021). Crowdfunding Cultural Production: Determinants of Crowdfunding Adoption by Artists.
• Shneor, Rotem (2021). Fikk napp på første forsøk med folkefinansiering: Hentet inn fire millioner på én måned . [Newspaper]. Fædrelandsvennen.
• Shneor, Rotem (2021). Folkefinansierte lån for 100 mill. på én måned: – Dette er kommet for å bli. [Newspaper]. e24.no.
• Berliner, Daniel; Wald, Andreas Erich & Shneor, Rotem (2020). Financing Entrepreneurship: A Review of Equity Investors’ Decision-Making Criteria.
• Shneor, Rotem & Wald, Andreas Erich (2020). Financing Entrepreneurship - A Review of Equity Investors’ Decision-Making Criteria.
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). The State of Global Alternative Finance: Opportunities and Challenges in Sri Lanka and the World.
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). Introduction to Crowdfunding for Art Students.
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). Crowdfunding as Alternative Finance: Models, Trends, Challenges and Opportunities.
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). Crowdfunding: Models, Trends, Challenges and Opportunities.
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). Crowdfunding: Modeller, Trender, Utfordringer og Muligheter.
• Serwaah, Priscilla; Shneor, Rotem & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2020). A gendered-based model of crowdfunding intentions.
• Ziegler, Tania; Shneor, Rotem & Wenzlaff, Karsten (2020). Global Fintech Benchmarking and COVID-19s Impact.
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). Crowdfunding: Revolutionizing entrepreneurial finance before, during, and after COVID-19 - implications for South Africa.
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). Introduction to Crowdfunding: Models, Opportunities and Guidelines.
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance Publishes First Global Report on Alternative Finance: Over $300 Billion in Volume in 2018. [Internet]. Crowdfundinsider.com.
• Shneor, Rotem (2020). EU mykner opp reglene for folkefinansiering. [Internet]. e24.no.
• Rykkja, Anders; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Mæhle, Natalia & Shneor, Rotem (2019). Cultural Crowdfunding - What do we know? Show summary

  Cultural fan funding, particularly in the music and audiovisual sector, were precursors to the instituted models of crowdfunding known to us today. Bands (Marillion, Radiohead, and Nine Inch Nails) and film producers (John Cassavetes, Mark Tapio Kines) managed to raise funding for artistic endeavours by reaching out to their fans. ArtistShare, a pioneer crowdfunding platform, was an attempt to facilitate and streamline such practices. However, there exists no systematic effort to classify, analyse and review the literature on crowdfunding usage and practices within the culture and arts sector — CCF. Thus, we conduct a systematic literature review (Cooper 1988, 1985) of CCF studies incorporating bibliometric analysis (Zupic and Čater 2015) of over 100 articles and book chapters. We address the question of why we crowdfund culture and what consequences crowdfunding practice has on cultural productions. Models of artistic and industrial categorisation are used to classify the existing literature. The bibliometric analysis reveals the intellectual structure of the research stream as a synthesis of what we know to assess further investigations. Furthermore, we position crowdfunding within the context of traditional models of financing creative arts highlighting its position as a supplemental source of funding. After that, we look at the current market situation, pointing out prevalent types of crowdfunding, discussing different types of responses and the value created by and for the participants. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework for future CCF research. As such, in addition to academic relevance, our study offers implications for key stakeholders involved in CCF.

• Rykkja, Anders; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Mæhle, Natalia & Shneor, Rotem (2019). Cultural Crowdfunding - What do we know? Show summary

  Cultural fan funding, particularly in the music and audiovisual sector, were precursors to the instituted models of crowdfunding known to us today. Bands (Marillion, Radiohead, and Nine Inch Nails) and film producers (John Cassavetes, Mark Tapio Kines) managed to raise funding for artistic endeavours by reaching out to their fans. ArtistShare, a pioneer crowdfunding platform, was an attempt to facilitate and streamline such practices. However, there exists no systematic effort to classify, analyse and review the literature on crowdfunding usage and practices within the culture and arts sector — CCF. Thus, we conduct a systematic literature review (Cooper 1988, 1985) of CCF studies incorporating bibliometric analysis (Zupic and Čater 2015)of over 100 articles and book chapters. We address the question of why we crowdfund culture and what consequences crowdfunding practice has on cultural productions. Models of artistic and industrial categorisation are used to classify the existing literature. The bibliometric analysis reveals the intellectual structure of the research stream as a synthesis of what we know to assess further investigations. Furthermore, we position crowdfunding within the context of traditional models of financing creative arts highlighting its position as a supplemental source of funding. After that, we look at the current market situation, pointing out prevalent types of crowdfunding, discussing different types of responses and the value created by and for the participants. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework for future CCF research. As such, in addition to academic relevance, our study offers implications for key stakeholders involved in CCF.

• Shneor, Rotem (2019). Crowdfunding: Models, Opportunities, and Guidelines.
• Shneor, Rotem (2019). The Global Landscape of Online Alternative Finance.
• Shneor, Rotem (2019). Crowdfunding Models, Opportunities and Guidelines.
• Shneor, Rotem (2019). Donasjon crowdfunding i Norge og i Verden. [Radio]. NRK Radio - Her og nå.
• Shneor, Rotem (2019). Global Status of Crowdfunding: Trends and Opportunities.
• Shneor, Rotem (2019). Crowdfunding: Trends, Opportunities and Challenges.
• Shneor, Rotem (2019). The Status of Global Crowdfunding.
• Shneor, Rotem (2019). Sharebox lokket eksisterende investorer ned fra gjerdet: Hentet 8 millioner kroner i folkefinansiering. [Internet]. Shifter.
• Ziegler, Tania & Shneor, Rotem (2019). The Global State of Crowdfunding: How Regions are Developing in Alternative Finance.
• Shneor, Rotem (2019). Forskere ber folk flest åpne lommeboka. [Business/trade/industry journal]. Forskningsetikk.
• Shneor, Rotem (2019). Nordmenn investerte 205 millioner i folkefinansiering i 2018: Milevis bak våre naboer. [Internet]. Shifter.
• Øyna, Stine & Shneor, Rotem (2018). The Evolution of Born Globals: International Developmental Orientation.
• Shneor, Rotem (2018). The Nordic Crowdfunding Industry - Leaders or Laggards? Ànd What Next.
• Shneor, Rotem (2018). UiA: Norwegian University Launches Master’s Elective Crowdfunding Lab Course . [Internet]. Crowdfundinsider.com.
• Shneor, Rotem & Munim, Ziaul Haque (2018). Reward Crowdfunding as Planned Behavior.
• Shneor, Rotem (2018). What is Crowdfunding? - Trends, Opportunities and Challanges in Africa and Globally.
• Shneor, Rotem (2018). Tilbyr utdannelse innen «crowdfunding». [Newspaper]. Sørlandsavisen.
• Shneor, Rotem (2018). Crowdfunding in Norway: Current Status, Trends and Challenges.
• Shneor, Rotem; Wenzlaff, Karsten; Boyko, Konstantin; Baah-Peprah, Prince; Odorovic, Ana & Okhrimenko, Olga (2024). European Crowdfunding Market Report 2023. Universitetet i Agder - Crowdfunding Forskning Senter. ISSN 978-82-693153-2-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Ziegler, Tania; Shneor, Rotem; Wenzlaff, Karsten; Suresh, Krishnamurthy; Paes, Felipe & Mammadova, Leyla [Show all 16 contributors for this article] (2021). The 2nd Global Alternative Finance Market Benchmarking Report. Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance. Show summary

  The 2nd Global Alternative Finance Market Benchmarking Report contributes 2019 and 2020 data, collected from financial technology firms that undertake digital lending and digital capital raising activities, to our globally comparable panel database on alternative finance.

• Ziegler, Tania; Shneor, Rotem; Wenzlaff, Karsten; Britney, Wang; Kim, Jaesik & Odorovic, Ana [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2020). The Global Alternative Finance Market Benchmarking Report. Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance. Show summary

  For the first time, the CCAF has consolidated its annual regional reports to produce one global benchmarking report, with the intention of presenting world-wide online alternative finance data for 2018.This report presents the key findings from the CCAF annual global survey of online alternative finance. In all, 1,227 unique firms contributed to this study, providing 2,322 firm-level observations globally. Investigating in crowdfunding, P2P/marketplace lending or related capital raising activities, the study shows that 47 per cent of the firms were operating in two or more countries or jurisdictions. Highlights from the report: 1. In 2018, the global alternative finance industry facilitated USD $304.5 billion in transaction volume. This global alternative finance volume is representative of funds that were raised via an online alternative finance platform for consumers, business and other fundraisers. This volume represents a 27 per cent annual decline against the $419 billion recorded in 2017. However, this drop in global volume stems primarily from a sharp decline in alternative finance activities in China. Excluding the Chinese market, the global alternative finance market volume actually grew by 48 per cent year-on-year, from the $60 billion in 2017 to $89 billion In 2018. 2. China had the largest alternative finance volume by country, having generated a total of $215.37 billion in 2018. The United States ($61 billion) and the United Kingdom ($10.4 billion) came in second and third respectively. In 2018, five additional countries surpassed the $1 billion threshold of alternative finance market volume including the Netherlands ($1.8 billion), Indonesia ($1.45 billion), Germany ($1.27 billion), Australia ($1.16 billion) and Japan ($1.07 billion). 3. In 2018, online alternative business funding for start-ups and SMEs accounted for $82 billion, which fell by almost half from the high of $153 billion recorded in 2017. Much like the global total market volume, this significant reduction in alternative business funding was largely due to the sharp decline in business focused funding activity in China. Excluding China, global business funding through alternative channels increased from the $21 billion in 2017 to $31 billion in 2018. This represented a 47 per cent annual increase against the previous year. 4. Approximately $162 billion of alternative finance volumes directly stem from funding provided by institutional investors such as banks, pension funds, mutual funds and family offices. With the involvement of institutional investors on the rise, most regions were fairly equally split, with roughly 50 per cent of funding coming from the institutions and rest provided by retail investors.

• Ziegler, Tania; Shneor, Rotem; Wenzlaff, Karsten; Ana, Odorovic; Johanson, Deniel & Hao, Rui [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Shifting Paradigms: The 4th Annual European Alternative Finance Report. Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance.

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