Mugula Chris Safari

• Safari, Mugula Chris; Wass, Sofie & Thygesen, Elin (2024). One Size Does Not Fit All—Facilitating Participation of People with Intellectual Disability in Design of Digital Technology. International Journal of Design. ISSN 1991-3761. 18(1), p. 23–38. doi: 10.57698/v18i1.02. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  While marginalized groups are increasingly involved in design processes, established methods and techniques require several cognitive and sensory abilities that may not fit when designing with people with intellectual disabilities. Earlier research on design of technology with people with intellectual disabilities has primarily focused on the technological outcomes and less on the techniques and adjustments made by facilitators. In this study, we explore facilitators’ experiences of supporting adults and younger adults with intellectual disabilities during participation in digital technology design. The facilitators and users in this study participated in the design of a digital self-reflective career tool and a digital transport support tool. We conducted individual interviews with facilitators who had participated in various design activities and thematically analyzed the data. The findings show that facilitators focus on adapting to individual needs, experience a process of personal development, and learned by doing throughout the design activities. We argue that while the role of facilitating was duty- and task-oriented and challenging, the facilitators also experienced several essential gains. Experienced gains include the development of design-related knowledge, professional development, and a change in attitudes toward people with intellectual disability. This paper provides recommendations for guiding facilitators, considering both structural and individual needs, and offers insight into lessons learned.

• Melby, Kristian Leonard; Sætra, Mette K Ragnhildstveit; Safari, Mugula Chris & Bachke, Carl Christian (2024). «Dette skremmer meg litt, og jeg tror det blir utfordrende»: En tematisk innholdsanalyse av studentskrevne logger fra første praksisperiode i vernepleierstudiet. UNIPED. ISSN 1500-4538. 47(1), p. 74–88. doi: 10.18261/uniped.47.1.7.
• Safari, Mugula Chris; Wass, Sofie & Thygesen, Elin (2023). Digital technology design activities—A means for promoting the digital inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities. ISSN 1354-4187. 51(2), p. 238–249. doi: 10.1111/bld.12521. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Information and communication technology has become an important aspect of everyday life, including community living and social participation. However, people with intellectual disabilities face several societal inequalities, including digital exclusion. Even if people with intellectual disabilities still do not have the same access as others, this group is increasingly involved in digital technology design activities. Although digital technology design activities can lead to several user gains, little is known about how such activities affect digital inclusion. Therefore, we explore whether and how participation in digital technology design activities can support the digital inclusion of young adults with intellectual disabilities. We interviewed seven young adults with intellectual disabilities about their participation in ten digital technology design sessions. We also collected reflective notes from eight support workers who participated in the same design activities. The interviews were analysed thematically. Thematic analysis generated four themes describing how participation in technology design activities can support the digital inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities: improving digital skills and knowledge, displaying skills and competence, increased interest in technology use, and influencing and adapting technology. Participation in digital technology design activities with support workers can provide new opportunities for young adults with intellectual disabilities and can help overcome several digital activity barriers. Designers and researchers should increasingly, and actively involve people with intellectual disability in digital technology design activities as it can support and promote digital inclusion.

• Safari, Mugula Chris; Wass, Sofie; Thygesen, Elin & Haugland, Silje (2023). Intellectual Disability, Digital Technologies, And Independent Transportation – A Scoping Review. In Bui, Tung X. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 56thAnnual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. HICSS Conference Office. ISSN 978-0-9981331-6-4. p. 1983–1992. doi: https:/hdl.handle.net/10125/102878. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Transportation is an essential aspect of everyday life. For people with intellectual disabilities transportation is one the largest barriers to community participation and a cause of inequality. However, digital technologies can reduce barriers for transportation use for people with intellectual disabilities and increase community mobility. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and map existing research on digital technology support for independent transport for people with intellectual disabilities and to identify knowledge gaps relevant for further research. The authors conducted a scoping review of articles presenting digital technologies designed to assist in outdoor navigation for people with intellectual disabilities. The search yielded 3195 items, of which 45 were reviewed and 13 included in this study. The results show that while a variation of design elements was utilized, digital technologies can effectively support individuals with intellectual disability in transport. Further research should focus on multiple contexts and types of transportation, different support needs during independent travel, real-world settings, participatory approaches, and the role of user training to enhance the adoption of digital technologies.

• Sætra, Mette K Ragnhildstveit; Melby, Kristian Leonard; Safari, Mugula Chris & Bachke, Carl Christian (2022). «Vi gjorde hverandre gode, men det dabbet av og stoppet opp»: Vernepleierstudenters erfaringer med loggskriving og gruppeveiledning. NORDVEI: Nordisk tidsskrift i veiledningspedagogikk. ISSN 2535-3047. 7. doi: 10.15845/ntvp.v7i1.3413. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Artikkelens hensikt er å belyse problemstillingen Hvilke erfaringer har studenter med loggskriving, gruppeveiledning og kombinasjonen av disse i praksisstudier i vernepleierutdanningen?Erfaringer med bruk av logger og gruppeveiledning i vernepleierutdanningens praksisstudier har ikke vært beskrevet i tidligere studier. To fokusgruppeintervjuer med studenter i sjette semester utgjør datamaterialet.Funnene viser at deltagerne husker godt hvordan loggskriving og gruppeveiledning ble brukt i førsteårs praksisperiode. Erindringene preges av at aktivitetene hver for seg og i kombinasjon varlæringsfremmende: Loggskrivingen styrker bevisstheten rundt praksiserfaringer. Gruppeveiledningen stimulerer refleksjonen knyttet til egne og medstudenters logginnhold, og fremmer kollegialanerkjennelse studentene imellom. Kombinasjonen loggskriving-gruppeveiledning med fastmøtestruktur og tydelige rammer bidrar over tid til forutsigbarhet og trygghet. Studentene erfarte lite kontinuitet i opplegget med loggskriving og gruppeveiledning i de to etterfølgende praksisperiodene, og de etterlyser mer gjenbruk av opplegget fra første praksisperiode. Ønsket om kontinuitet er et viktig innspill til faglærere i vernepleierutdanningen. Artikkelen diskuterer likevel hvorvidt full kontinuitet i metodebruk er didaktisk klokt.

• Safari, Mugula Chris; Wass, Sofie & Thygesen, Elin (2022). Motivation of people with intellectual disabilities in technology design activities: the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Behaviour and Information Technology. ISSN 0144-929X. p. 1–19. doi: 10.1080/0144929X.2021.2015442. Full text in Research Archive
• Thygesen, Elin; Safari, Mugula Chris & Wass, Sofie (2021). Transport og arbeidsinkludering. In Gjertsen, Hege Kristin; Melbøe, Line & Hauge, Hans A. (Ed.), Arbeidsinkludering for personer med utviklingshemming. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 978-82-15-04692-1. p. 117–126.
• Wass, Sofie; Safari, Mugula Chris; Haugland, Silje & Omland, Hans Olav (2021). Transitions from school to sheltered employment in Norway – Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities. ISSN 1354-4187. 49(3), p. 373–382. doi: 10.1111/bld.12414. Full text in Research Archive
• Safari, Mugula Chris; Wass, Sofie & Thygesen, Elin (2021). ‘I Got To Answer the Way I Wanted To’: Intellectual Disabilities and Participation in Technology Design Activities. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. ISSN 1501-7419. 23(1), p. 192–203. doi: 10.16993/sjdr.798. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  User involvement in technology design processes can have positive implications for the designed service, but less is known about how such participation affects people with intellectual disabilities. We explored how 13 individuals with intellectual disabilities experienced participation in the design of a transport support application. The study is based on qualitative interviews, photovoice interviews, participant observations, and Smileyometer ratings. A thematic analysis generated the following themes: a sense of pride and ownership, an experience of socialization, and a sense of empowerment. The findings suggest that participation in design activities is a primarily positive experience that develops the participants’ skills. However, experiences such as boredom may occur. The variability within the experiences of the participants show that it is crucial to be aware of individuality, preferences, and personal interests when designing with people with intellectual disabilities.

• Wass, Sofie; Hansen, Lise Amy & Safari, Mugula Chris (2020). Designing Transport Supporting Services Together with Users with Intellectual Disabilities. In Hofmann, Sara; Müller, Oliver & Rossi, Matti (Ed.), Designing for Digital Transformation. Co-Creating Services with Citizens and Industry. Springer Nature. ISSN 978-3-030-64822-0. p. 56–67. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-64823-7_6.
• Wass, Sofie & Safari, Mugula Chris (2020). Photovoice—Towards Engaging and Empowering People with Intellectual Disabilities in Innovation. Life. ISSN 2075-1729. 10(272), p. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/life10110272. Full text in Research Archive

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• Safari, Mugula Chris (2024). Announcement of doctoral theses. Disability & Society. ISSN 0968-7599. 39(3), p. 825–826. doi: 10.1080/09687599.2024.2308409.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2023). VR-baserte scenarier i vernepleierutdanningen.
• Safari, Mugula Chris & Wass, Sofie (2023). VR-based Scenarios in Education.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2023). Intellectual disability and participation in technology design activities: A catalyst for social inclusion.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2023). Intellectual Disability, Digital Technologies, And Independent Transportation A Scoping Review Presentation.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2022). Med eller ikke – hva så? Erfaringer med å delta i design av teknologi.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2022). Arbeid, deltakelse og digital teknologi.
• Slette, Linn Løvli & Safari, Mugula Chris (2021). Erving Goffman har formet meg som fagperson . [Internet]. Vernepleier.no.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2021). Needs and user driven innovation - Experiences of people with intellectual disability .
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2021). Involvering av personer med utviklingshemming i design av teknologi.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2021). Intellectual disability, Technology support, and Transport.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2021). Needs-driven innovation and design activities with people with intellectual disabilities .
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2020). Involvering av personer med utviklingshemming i innovasjonsprosesser . NAKU Nasjonalt kompetansemiljø om utviklingshemning : Kunnskapsbanken. Show summary

  Design og innovasjon av teknologi har endret seg fra en designerfokusert tilnærming til en personsentret tilnærming. Mennesker med utviklingshemming er imidlertid en gruppe som har blitt både nedvurdert eller oversett i slike prosesser. I Mugula Chris Safari sitt PhD-arbeid fokuserer han blant annet på involvering av mennesker med utviklingshemming i innovasjon og design. Han undersøker også hvilke teknologistøttede løsninger knyttet til transport som finnes, og hvordan personer med utviklingshemming kan involveres i utviklingen og evalueringer av slike løsninger.

• Safari, Mugula Chris (2020). Needs-driven innovation with people with intellectual disabilities with a focus on involvement and transport .
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2019). Involvering av personer med utviklingshemming i innovasjon.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2019). A general innovation process - Needs-driven innovation for people with intellectual disabilities with a focus on involvement and transport .
• Bachke, Carl Christian; Melby, Kristian Leonard; Sætra, Mette K Ragnhildstveit & Safari, Mugula Chris (2019). LOGGSKRIVING FRA PRAKSIS I VERNEPLEIERSTUDIET. Show summary

  Bakgrunn og hensikt med prosjektet samt relevant teori (tidligere forskning om loggskriving og utviklingstrinn i et utdannelsesløp innenfor profesjonsutdanninger ble presentert. Likeså funn i tilknytning til delproblemstillingene (a) Hvilke utfordringer beskriver studentene i loggene, og søker veiledning på i gruppe, i første praksisperiode på vernepleierstudiet (Metode dokumentanalyse); og (b) Hvordan beskriver vernepleierstudenter sin faglige utvikling i løpet av studiet, og hvilke betydninger hadde bruk av skriftlige logger? (Fokusgruppeintervjuer)

• Safari, Mugula Chris (2018). Målrettet miljøarbeid i varig tilrettelagt arbeid (VTA) - En vei til styrket arbeidsdeltakelse? SOR rapport. ISSN 1500-8657. p. 14–24.
• Safari, Mugula Chris (2023). Intellectual disability and participation in digital technology design activities: A catalyst for social inclusion. Universitetet i Agder. ISSN 978-82-8427-163-7. Full text in Research Archive

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