Ilan Alon

• Munim, Ziaul Haque; Sørli, Michael André; Kim, Hyung Ju & Alon, Ilan (2024). Predicting maritime accident risk using Automated Machine Learning. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. ISSN 0951-8320. 248. doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2024.110148.
• Bretas, Vanessa P.G.; Galetti, Jefferson R.B.; Alon, Ilan & Rocha, Thelma Valéria (2024). Do stakeholders matter in entry mode decisions? An investigation of international franchise governance mode choice. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 178. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114673.
• Scuotto, Veronica; Karagöz, Deniz; Farronato, Nicola & Alon, Ilan (2024). A destination’s personality as a factor in tourists’ environmental knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management. ISSN 1367-3270. 28(5), p. 1185–1203. doi: 10.1108/JKM-07-2022-0534.
• Raut, Sachin Kumar ; Alon, Ilan; Rana, Sudhir & Kathuria, Sakshi (2024). Knowledge management and career readiness: a review and synthesis. Journal of Knowledge Management. ISSN 1367-3270. doi: 10.1108/JKM-02-2023-0140.
• Alon, Ilan; Lankut, Erik; Gunkel, Marjaana; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Taras, Vasyl & Richter, Nicole Franziska (2023). Predicting leadership emergence in global virtual teams. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review. ISSN 2353-883X. 11(3), p. 7–23. doi: 10.15678/EBER.2023.110301. Full text in Research Archive
• Naatu, Felicia; Alon, Ilan; Amoako, George Kofi & Mornah, Dekuwmini (2023). Pro-Environmental values’ and consumer behavior in base of the pyramid market: Ghana. Competitiveness Review: an international business journal. ISSN 1059-5422. doi: 10.1108/CR-02-2023-0026. Show summary

  Purpose This study aims to fill the gap on proenvironmental behavior studies among consumers in bottom of the pyramid (BOP) market by examining the relationship between values, beliefs and norms among Ghanaian consumers. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 324 Ghanaian consumers (responses rate of 64%) was used to estimate the model. The data was analyzed using maximum likelihood robust approach of Lavaan package for structural equation modeling in R. Findings The findings show that there is no significant relationship between values and the new ecological worldview, which also does not affect awareness of environmental consequences. However, awareness of consequences, likely based on personal experiences, significantly impacts perceived ability to reduce threats to the environment. Ghanaian consumers are mainly influenced by personal experiences with local environmental consequences that affect their perceived ability to reduce threats to their environment and their willingness to engage in proenvironmental behavior. The study supports the argument that proenvironmental behavior is the result of complex decision-making that might be influenced by a country’s economic situation, infrastructure, culture and institutions. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on a single country in Africa. More studies are needed among other base of the pyramid countries, and in comparison to developed countries’ consumers. Originality/value The study adds to the limited knowledge regarding sustainable consumption in the neglected context of the bottom of the pyramid market.

• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan; Floreani, Josanco & Cucculelli, Marco (2023). Corruption, formal institutions, and foreign direct investment: The case of OECD countries in Africa. Thunderbird International Business Review. ISSN 1096-4762. 65(5), p. 461–483. doi: 10.1002/tie.22361. Show summary

  Purpose Corruption has shown a mixed impact on foreign direct investment (FDI). This study proposed moderating the role of two—foreign aid (international institution) from the home country and democracy (national institution) in the host country—between corruption-FDI nexus. Methodology The framework is analyzed using panel data analysis (2001–2018) of bilateral foreign aid and FDI from 18 European members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to 34 African countries. Findings The presents several key findings. First, Africa's level of government corruption harms bilateral FDI from Europe. Second, the OECD's bilateral foreign aid moderates the negative effects of Africa's host-country corruption on FDI. Third, the level of democracy in the host country also moderates the negative impact of corruption on FDI. Finally, foreign aid strongly moderates the negative effect of corruption on FDI in democratic countries compared to non-democratic host countries. Research Implications This study provides the institutional analysis that bilateral foreign aid and democracy as formal institutions affect the European multinational enterprises's decision to invest in Africa. Practical Implications It presents the policy and managerial implications. First, European MNEs managers avoid investing in Africa, and governments must take strict actions to attract FDI. Second, foreign aid and democracy motivate MNEs to invest in Africa. Finally, the OECD policymaker could formulate rigorous and relevant conditions for foreign aid to Africa to reduce corruption. Originality/Value Through the lens of institutional theory and selectorate theory, the novel institutional role of foreign aid and democracy is proposed and tested between the nexus of corruption-FDI.

• Raut, Sachin Kumar ; Alon, Ilan & Rana, Sudhir (2023). A review of the contribution of Yair Aharoni to the foreign investment decision process: a bibliometric analysis. European Journal of International Management. ISSN 1751-6757. 20(1), p. 8–42. doi: 10.1504/EJIM.2023.130362. Show summary

  This study reviews the lifetime contribution of Professor Yair Aharoni to the international business literature. We utilised the VOSviewer software and the Bibliometrix R Studio package to conduct a bibliometric analysis of 43 articles published between 1967 and 2018 obtained from the Scopus database. This study combined keyword occurrence, bibliometric coupling, historiographic citation and conceptual thematic analysis with content analysis of the most cited publications. Professor Aharoni's contributions fall into five major research areas about making foreign investment decisions: (1) emerging and developing markets, (2) global strategic management, (3) the performance of firms in international markets, (4) international market operations and (5) the international business environment. We conclude by outlining possible avenues for future research.

• Richter, Nicole Franziska; Schlaegel, Christopher; Taras, Vasyl; Alon, Ilan & Bird, Allan (2023). Reviewing half a century of measuring cross-cultural competence: Aligning theoretical constructs and empirical measures. International Business Review. ISSN 0969-5931. 32(4). doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2023.102122. Show summary

  We provide a comprehensive review of how cross-cultural competence (CCC) has been measured over the past half-century in order to more closely align theoretical constructs and empirical measures. Based on a content analysis of 68 academic and commercial CCC instruments and a supplemental survey of 160 experts, we review the approaches used in these instruments to conceptualize and quantify CCC, discuss their limitations, and recommend best practices and directions for future researchers and practitioners when selecting and using CCC instruments or developing new alternatives.

• Bazel-Shoham, Ofra; Lee, Sang Mook; Ahammad, Mohammad Faisal; Tarba, Shlomo Y. & Alon, Ilan (2023). IP protection and ownership in cross-border acquisitions. International Business Review. ISSN 0969-5931. 32(3). doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2023.102101. Show summary

  We use the institutional theory to examine the impact of intellectual property protection on US multinational corporations (MNCs) ownership levels of their foreign acquisitions. Based on a sample of 7238 completed international M&A deals made by US MNCs from 1998 to 2017, we found that multinationals protect their intellectual property through more ownership when they are technologically intensive and invest more when IP protection is strong. However, IP protection negatively moderates the need for more ownership for technologically-intensive multinational corporations. Our results are robust to a battery of empirical tests, including a unique instrumental variable approach. This leads us to claim that our results are not merely correlated but are causal.

• Bargoni, Augusto; Alon, Ilan & Ferraris, Alberto (2023). A systematic review of family business and consumer behaviour. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 158. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113698. Show summary

  The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review on the intertwining of family business and consumer behaviour literature. Leveraging bibliometric software, we systematically reviewed 178 articles from 1991 to 2022. Five research clusters are identified: (1) the familiness of the firm: a social capital perspective, (2) promoting corporate social responsibility, (3) branding the family firm, (4) family firm characteristics and (5) the family firm brand. This study puts forward a novel conceptual framework to analyse the concept of familiness from a dual perspective: the business perspective to investigate how and why family firms communicate their family nature and the consumer perspective to explore how stakeholders perceive family firms’ unique characteristics. Moreover, we show a change in research patterns in family business and consumer literature, providing a deeper understanding of the conceptual structure of the field. Finally, we suggest 28 future research questions.

• Raut, Sachin Kumar ; Rana, Sudhir; Kathuria, Sakshi & Alon, Ilan (2023). The Dark Side of Members’ Heterogeneity Within Online Brand Communities and Global Virtual Teams: An Extension to Schwartz’s Value Theory. Journal of Global Marketing. ISSN 0891-1762. doi: 10.1080/08911762.2023.2178354. Show summary

  he present article positions culture at the center of analysis investigating schadenfreude within online brand communities and global virtual teams. through this article, the authors explore the underlying causes and consequences of motivational values dimensions based on the typology developed by shalom schwartz in 1992 and 2012, respectively. We extend the schwartz Value theory by exploring the triggers of schadenfreude among online brand communities and global virtual teams. accordingly, the proposed conceptual framework identifies Openness to change and self enhancement as leading values governing human behavior in communities, teams and societies. Findings from this article may be applied as a roadmap by organizations or brands hoping to identify the root causes of heterogeneous group conflicts and schadenfreude directed within online brand communities and global virtual teams.

• Berger, Ron; Drori, Netanel; Rachamim, Matti & Alon, Ilan (2022). Towards an emic model of business culture. Competitiveness Review: an international business journal. ISSN 1059-5422. doi: 10.1108/CR-06-2022-0081. Show summary

  Purpose This paper aims to generalize emic studies of culture and thus provide indigenous view nuanced particularly for emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors review four local business frameworks and deconstruct each into three different constructs. The authors systematically evaluate culture specific studies, particularities of jaan pehchaan (India), guanxi (China), sviazi (Russia) and wasta (Arab countries). Findings Building on social networking theory, the authors synthesize an emic model for four types of large emerging markets cultures – China, Russia, India and Arab countries – and divide them according to their affective, conative and cognitive elements. Practical implications By knowing the impact of the constructs and how to leverage it, managers can successfully penetrate and manage these complex markets. Originality/value Current models of culture, such as the ones proposed by Hofstede and GLOBE, are etic in their orientation, attempting to find variations in common dimensions across different cultures. Emic approaches to studying culture are more bottom-up and are idiosyncratic to the culture.

• Šeinauskienė, Beata; Virvilaitė, Regina & Alon, Ilan (2022). Psychic distance, marketing strategy adaptation and export performance: the role of international experience. European Journal of International Management. ISSN 1751-6757. 18(2-3), p. 444–477. doi: 10.1504/ejim.2022.124885. Show summary

  This study theorises that a performance-enhancing strategic fit between a perceived psychic distance and an export marketing strategy adaptation applies under the boundary conditions of international experience. We model an export marketing strategy as a function of psychic distance and export performance as an outcome of export marketing strategy, moderated by international experience. To test the hypotheses, we carried out a survey of Lithuanian exporting companies that conduct business in the dairy and meat processing industries. The results did not support the existence of the conditional indirect effect of perceived psychic distance on export performance through export marketing strategy adaptation. Unlike the expectation, data indicated that export performance increases with an increase in distribution adaptation, but only: (a) among companies who scored low in the length of experience in an export country and (b) under conditions of low export intensity.

• Wilczewski, Michał & Alon, Ilan (2022). Language and communication in international students’ adaptation: a bibliometric and content analysis review. Higher Education. ISSN 0018-1560. doi: 10.1007/s10734-022-00888-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article systematically reviews the literature (313 articles) on language and communication in international students’ cross-cultural adaptation in institutions of higher education for 1994–2021. We used bibliometric analysis to identify the most impactful journals and articles, and the intellectual structure of the field. We used content analysis to synthesize the results within each research stream and suggest future research directions. We established two major research streams: second-language proficiency and interactions in the host country. We found inconclusive results about the role of communication with co-nationals in students’ adaptation, which contradicts the major adaptation theories. New contextualized research and the use of other theories could help explain the contradictory results and develop the existing theories. Our review suggests the need to theoretically refine the interrelationships between the interactional variables and different adaptation domains. Moreover, to create a better fit between the empirical data and the adaptation models, research should test the mediating effects of second-language proficiency and the willingness to communicate with locals. Finally, research should focus on students in non-Anglophone countries and explore the effects of remote communication in online learning on students’ adaptation. We document the intellectual structure of the research on the role of language and communication in international students’ adaptation and suggest a future research agenda.

• Iddy, Judith Jacob; Alon, Ilan & Litalien, Benjamin C. (2022). Institutions and training: A case of social franchising in Africa. Africa Journal of Management (AJOM). ISSN 2332-2373. 8(3), p. 347–373. doi: 10.1080/23322373.2022.2071575. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The purpose of this paper is to explore two questions: how do institutions affect knowledge transfer in social franchises in Africa, and does training help social franchises respond to these challenges? Despite advances in the knowledge management literature, our understanding of the role of training in social franchising remains inadequate. Using the qualitative induction methodology, we examine a social franchise network operating in Africa. Our findings suggest that differences in formal and informal institutions affect knowledge transfer within the social franchise network. However, social franchises that understand the institutional environment have been successful in adapting their training strategies to scale up their social impact across African countries. We provide valuable insights into the expansion of a rapidly growing business model within social entrepreneurship, social franchising, and show how a successful social franchise managed to replicate its knowledge across different institutional frameworks in Africa.

• Seeber, Marco; Alon, Ilan; Pina, David G.; Piro, Fredrik Niclas & Seeber, Michele (2022). Predictors of applying for and winning an ERC Proof-of-Concept grant: An automated machine learning model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. ISSN 0040-1625. 184. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122009. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Research often fails to be translated into applications because of lack of financial support. The Proof of Concept (PoC) funding scheme from the European Research Council (ERC) supports the early stages of the valorization process of the research conducted by its grantees. This article explores the factors that predict who will apply for ERC grants and which grant proposals will prove successful. By combining information from two datasets of 10,074 ERC grants (representing 8361 individual grantees) and 2186 PoC proposals, and using automated machine learning, we can identify the main predictors of the propensity to apply and to win. Doing so fills a void in the literature on likelihood to apply. The results reveal major differences between potential and actual beneficiaries, due to decisions about applying for a grant and evaluations of the proposals. The decision to apply is affected by the interaction between the characteristics of the PoC funding scheme, the ERC grantee, and his/her environment. Grantees in countries that invest little in innovation, with low cost of personnel, and strong collaboration in innovation are more likely to apply. Male grantees are more likely to apply but have similar chances of winning as women.

• Bretas, Vanessa P.G.; Alon, Ilan; Paltrinieri, Andrea & Chawla, Kavilash (2022). Bibliometric review on FDI attractiveness factors. European Journal of International Management. ISSN 1751-6757. 17(2-3), p. 469–499. doi: 10.1504/EJIM.2022.120721. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article reviews the literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) attractiveness factors through bibliometric and content analyses. We analyse 499 articles between 1994 and 2021 extracted from the Web of Science database. Using Bibliometrix R-package and VOSviewer software, we combined co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and keyword co-occurrence temporal analysis with a content analysis of the most cited articles. Five main research categories are revealed: structure for FDI, market conditions, entry conditions, institutional framework, and resources offer. We propose a conceptual framework of FDI attractiveness factors aligned with FDI motives. The article comprehensively reviews the key determinants using quantitative and qualitative approaches and provides future research directions.

• Fon, Roger & Alon, Ilan (2022). Governance, foreign aid, and Chinese foreign direct investment. Thunderbird International Business Review. ISSN 1096-4762. 64(2), p. 179–201. doi: 10.1002/tie.22257. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article examines how Chinese foreign aid interacts with the quality of the host country's governance in shaping Chinese state-owned enterprises' (CSOEs') foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. By analyzing the firm-level greenfield FDI data of CSOEs between 2003 and 2014 and distinguishing between China's official development assistance and less concessional forms of Chinese foreign aid, we reveal two main findings. First, the quality of the host country's governance negatively affects CSOEs' FDI. Second, other official aid and loans from China negatively moderate the relationship between the quality of the host country's governance and FDI by CSOEs. Specifically, the tendency for CSOEs to invest in locations with weak governance increases when their investments are integrated with less concessional forms of Chinese foreign aid in the form of other official flows and loans. Our results are robust to alternative measures of the governance and different methodological approaches. The article challenges the traditional notion of institutional theory which assumes a positive relationship between governance quality and FDI attraction.

• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Floreani, Josanco (2022). Corruption, foreign aid, and international trade. Thunderbird International Business Review. ISSN 1096-4762. 64(2), p. 139–167. doi: 10.1002/tie.22253. Show summary

  Corruption has varying effects on international trade flows. Through the lenses of the institutional and transaction costs theories, we propose a novel institutional analysis of foreign aid as a formal institution that moderates the negative impact of corruption on international trade. We investigate this framework using a sample of the imports and exports of 30 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries and their 150 trading partners from 1995 to 2018. We analyze two main types of bilateral foreign aid within this framework: official development assistance and aid for trade. We present three main findings. First, the trading partners' corruption has a negative impact on OECD bilateral imports and exports. Second, both forms of foreign aid moderate the negative effect of the trading partners' corruption on OECD countries' exports. These findings confirm that OECD member countries are willing to export to very corrupt countries. Third, official development assistance does not moderate the relationship between corruption and imports, meaning that OECD countries do not import from corrupt locations. However, aid for trade still moderates the negative impact of corruption on OCED countries' imports. Overall, we confirm that foreign aid negatively moderates the adverse effect of corruption on exports but not on imports. Thus, foreign aid as a formal institution deserves more attention from OECD policymakers and managers of MNEs as a mechanism for reducing corruption and boosting international trade.

• Alon, Ilan; Bretas, Vanessa P.G.; Schlip, A & Paltrinieri, Andrea (2022). Greenfield FDI attractiveness index: a machine learning approach. Competitiveness Review: an international business journal. ISSN 1059-5422. 32(7), p. 85–108. doi: 10.1108/CR-12-2021-0171. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose – This study aims to propose a comprehensive greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI) attractiveness index using exploratory factor analysis and automated machine learning (AML). We offer offer a robust empirical measurement of location-choice factors identified in the FDI literature through a novel method and provide a tool for assessing the countries’ investment potential. Design/methodology/approach – Based on five conceptual key sub-domains of FDI, We collected quantitative indicators in several databases with annual data ranging from 2006 to 2019. This study first run a factor analysis to identify the most important features. It then uses AML to assess the relative importance of each resultant factor and generate a calibrated index. AML computational algorithms minimize predictive errors, explore patterns in the data and make predictions in an empirically robust way. Findings – Openness conditions and economic growth are the most relevant factors to attract FDI identified in the study. Luxembourg, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malta and Ireland are the top five countries with the highest overall greenfield attractiveness index. This study also presents specific indices for the three sectors: energy, financial services, information and communication technology (ICT) and electronics. Originality/value – Existent indexes present deficiencies in conceptualization and measurement, lacking theoretical foundation, arbitrary selection of factors and use of limited linear models. This study’s index is developed in a robust three-stage process. The use of AML configures an advantage compared to traditional linear and additive models, as it selects the best model considering the predictive capacity of many models simultaneously.

• Naatu, Felicia; Nyarko, Samuel Anokye; Munim, Ziaul Haque & Alon, Ilan (2022). Crowd-out effect on consumers attitude towards corporate social responsibility communication. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. ISSN 0040-1625. 177. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121544. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is assumed to function better in open societies and competitive markets where market forces drive communication and voluntary adoption of self-regulated quality CSR practices. Thus, the common wisdom maintains that consumer awareness of positive CSR activities of an organisation elicits positive perceptions about the organisation. Contrarily, we find negative and insignificant effect of CSR communication on perceived CSR performance in the context of Norway. The findings are consistent with predictions of crowding-out theory which submits that moderately enforced government policies can displace consumers’ intrinsic motivations to contribute to public good. Further, we find support for the contention that context affects decisions, especially where there are no clearly defined norms for appropriate behaviour and decisions are sensitive to social considerations. Building on existing literature, we provide a novel contribution by introducing explanations for consumers’ attitude towards CSR communication based on context and crowding-out theory.

• Jalal, Raja Nabeel-Ud-Din; Alon, Ilan & Paltrinieri, Andrea (2021). A bibliometric review of cryptocurrencies as a financial asset. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. ISSN 0953-7325. doi: 10.1080/09537325.2021.1939001.
• Hertenstein, Peter & Alon, Ilan (2021). A learning portal model of emerging markets multinationals. Global Strategy Journal. ISSN 2042-5791. 12(1), p. 134–162. doi: 10.1002/gsj.1400.
• Bretas, Vanessa P.G. & Alon, Ilan (2021). Franchising research on emerging markets: Bibliometric and content analyses. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 133, p. 51–65. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.067.
• Richter, Nicole; Martin, Jonathan; Hansen, Sofie V.; Taras, Vas & Alon, Ilan (2021). Motivational configurations of cultural intelligence, social integration, and performance in global virtual teams. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 129, p. 351–367. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.012.
• Wang, Xu; Deng, Shengliang & Alon, Ilan (2021). Women executives and financing pecking order of GEM-listed companies: Moderating roles of social capital and regional institutional environment. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 136, p. 466–478. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.055.
• Szymanski, Mike; Alon, Ilan & Kalra, Komal (2021). Multilingual and multicultural managers’ effects on team performance: insights from professional football teams. Multinational Business Review. ISSN 1525-383X. doi: 10.1108/MBR-03-2020-0054.
• Alajoutsijärvi, Jouni Kimmo; Alon, Ilan & Pinheiro, Romulo (2021). The Marketisation of Higher Education: Antecedents, Processes, and Outcomes. . In Branch, John D. & Christiansen, Bryan (Ed.), The Marketisation of Higher Education: Concepts, Cases, and Criticisms. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-67440-3. p. 17–45. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67441-0_2.
• Jell-Ojobor, Maria; Alon, Ilan & Windsperger, Josef (2021). The choice of master international franchising – A modified transaction cost model. International Business Review. ISSN 0969-5931. 31(2). doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101942.
• Arslan, Ahmad; Haapanen, Lauri; Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, Pia; Tarba, Shlomo Y. & Alon, Ilan (2021). Climate change, consumer lifestyles and legitimation strategies of sustainability-oriented firms. European Management Journal. ISSN 0263-2373. 39(6), p. 720–730. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2021.03.005. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilla Galetti Bretas, Vanessa; Alon, Ilan; Rocha, Thelma Valéria & Galetti, Jefferson Ricardo Bretas (2021). International governance mode choice : Evidence from Brazilian franchisors. Journal of International Management. ISSN 1075-4253. 27(2). doi: 10.1016/j.intman.2021.100851. Full text in Research Archive
• Shneor, Rotem; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Zhu, Helena & Alon, Ilan (2021). Individualism, collectivism and reward crowdfunding contribution intention and behavior. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. ISSN 1567-4223. 47. doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101045. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The study examines the role of the individualism-collectivism (IDV) cultural dimension in reward crowdfunding contribution intentionality and behavior. An extended Theory of Planned Behavior framework is used for comparative analysis using survey data collected from users of national platforms from opposing cultures along the IDV dimension – China and Finland. Main findings suggest that: attitudes are positively associated with information sharing and financial contribution intentions in both cultures; collectivism enhances the effects of subjective norms on both intentions; behavior control is more strongly observed in individualistic cultures; and information sharing intentions are more strongly associated with contribution behavior in collectivistic cultures.

• Jiao, Hao; Wang, Tang & Alon, Ilan (2021). Financial wealth, socioemotional wealth, and founder exits: an empirical examination of Chinese IPOs. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. ISSN 0898-5626. 33(3-4), p. 208–226. doi: 10.1080/08985626.2021.1872935. Full text in Research Archive
• Naatu, Felicia; Alon, Ilan & Uwamahoro, Rehema (2021). Micro-Franchising in the Bottom of the Pyramid Market: Rwanda. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship. ISSN 1942-0676. p. 1–21. doi: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1755347. Full text in Research Archive
• Bahoo, Salman & Alon, Ilan (2020). News Framing of the China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A Media Analysis. Nordic Journal of Media Management. ISSN 2597-0445. 1(4), p. 495–525. doi: 10.5278/njmm.2597-0445.6325. Full text in Research Archive
• Lattermann, Christoph; Alon, Ilan & Zhang, Wenxian (2020). Final Reflections: Global Challenges from Innovation and Connectivity. In Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, Ilan & Lattermann, Christoph (Ed.), Huawei Goes Global. Volume I: Made in China for the World. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-47563-5.
• Alon, Ilan; Zhang, Wenxian & Lattermann, Christoph (2020). Introduction. In Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, Ilan & Lattermann, Christoph (Ed.), Huawei Goes Global. Volume I: Made in China for the World. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-47563-5.
• Lattermann, Christoph; Alon, Ilan & Zhang, Wenxian (2020). Final Reflections: Connectivity, Innovation, Transformation, and Global Challenges. In Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, Ilan & Lattermann, Christoph (Ed.), Huawei Goes Global: Regional, Geopolitical Perspectives and Crisis Management. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-47578-9.
• Alon, Ilan; Zhang, Wenxian & Lattermann, Christoph (2020). Introduction. In Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, Ilan & Lattermann, Christoph (Ed.), Huawei Goes Global: Regional, Geopolitical Perspectives and Crisis Management. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3-030-47578-9.
• Cao, Mingchun & Alon, Ilan (2020). Intellectual structure of the belt and road initiative research: A scientometric analysis and suggestions for a future research agenda. Sustainability. ISSN 2071-1050. 12:6901(17), p. 1–41. doi: 10.3390/SU12176901. Full text in Research Archive
• Alon, Ilan; Ranfagni, Silvia; Vescovi, Tiziano & Vianelli, Donata (2020). Family business internationalization: an insight into opportunities and challenges. Sinergie (Italian Journal of Management). ISSN 0393-5108. 38(2), p. 11–17. doi: 10.7433/s112.2020.01.
• Alon, Ilan; Farrell, Matthew & Li, Shaomin (2020). Regime Type and COVID-19 Response. FIIB Business Review. ISSN 2319-7145. 9(3), p. 152–160. doi: 10.1177/2319714520928884. Full text in Research Archive
• Wang, Yuxia & Alon, Ilan (2020). Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment: The Reasons Why some Chinese Firms Fail in Norway. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. ISSN 1932-2054. 40(1), p. 31–43. doi: 10.1002/joe.22066. Full text in Research Archive
• Sutherland, Dylan; Anderson, John; Bailey, Nicholas & Alon, Ilan (2020). Policy, institutional fragility, and Chinese outward foreign direct investment: An empirical examination of the Belt and Road Initiative. Journal of International Business Policy (JIBP). ISSN 2522-0691. 3, p. 249–272. doi: 10.1057/s42214-020-00056-8.
• Alon, Ilan; Jeminez, Alfredo; Liu, Hui & Wang, Hua (2020). The Institutionalization of Political Risk Assessment by Chinese Multinational Firms. Management International (MI). ISSN 1206-1697.
• Alon, Ilan; Mersland, Roy; Musteen, Martina & Randøy, Trond (2020). The Research Frontier on Internationalization of Social Enterprises. Journal of World Business. ISSN 1090-9516. 55(1). doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101091.
• Alon, Ilan; Apriliyanti, Indri Dwi & Henriquez Parodi, Massiel Carolina (2020). A systematic review of international franchising. Multinational Business Review. ISSN 1525-383X. 29(1), p. 43–69. doi: 10.1108/MBR-01-2020-0019.
• Alon, Ilan; Elia, Stefano & Li, Shaomin (2020). Greenfield or M&A? An institutional and learning perspective on the establishment mode choice of Chinese outward investments. Journal of International Management. ISSN 1075-4253. 26(3). doi: 10.1016/j.intman.2020.100758. Full text in Research Archive
• Cao, Mingchun & Alon, Ilan (2020). Overcoming the liability of foreignness – A new perspective on Chinese MNCs. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.017.
• Pilla Galetti Bretas, Vanessa & Alon, Ilan (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on franchising in emerging markets: An example from Brazil. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. ISSN 1932-2054. 39(6), p. 6–16. doi: 10.1002/joe.22053. Full text in Research Archive
• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Floreani, Josanco (2020). Corruption in economics: a bibliometric analysis and research agenda. Applied Economics Letters. ISSN 1350-4851. doi: 10.1080/13504851.2020.1764476. Full text in Research Archive
• Li, Shaomin & Alon, Ilan (2020). China’s Intellectual Property Rights Provocation: A Political Economy View. Journal of International Business Policy (JIBP). ISSN 2522-0691. p. 60–72. doi: 10.1057/s42214-019-00032-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Paltrinieri, Andrea (2020). Sovereign wealth funds: Past, present and future. International Review of Financial Analysis. ISSN 1057-5219. 67. doi: 10.1016/j.irfa.2019.101418. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this article, we conduct a meta-literature review of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), covering 184 articles from 2005 to 2019. Our meta-literature review consists of qualitative analysis of content using the NVivo software program and quantitative analyses of bibliometric citations using the HistCite and VOSviewer software programs. We identify three main research streams: (i) the overview and growth of SWFs, (ii) governance and political concerns regarding SWFs, and (iii) the investment strategies of SWFs. We identify the most influential aspects of the SWF literature, such as the leading countries, institutions, journals, authors, and articles. Finally, we propose 20 research questions based on the meta-literature review of sovereign wealth funds to set the future research agenda.

• Yari, Nooria; Lankut, Erik; Alon, Ilan & Richter, Nicole (2020). Cultural intelligence, global mindset, and cross-cultural competencies : a systematic review using bibliometric methods. European Journal of International Management. ISSN 1751-6757. 14(2), p. 210–250. doi: 10.1504/EJIM.2020.105567. Full text in Research Archive
• Rialti, Ricardo; Zollo, Lamberto; Ferraris, Alberto & Alon, Ilan (2019). Big Data Analytics Capabilities and Performance: Evidence from a Moderated Multi-Mediation Model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. ISSN 0040-1625. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119781.
• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Paltrinieri, Andrea (2019). Corruption in international business: A review and research agenda. International Business Review. ISSN 0969-5931. 29(04), p. 1–24. doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2019.101660. Full text in Research Archive
• Reid, David McHardy; Chi, Guotai; Zhao, Zhi & Alon, Ilan (2019). Indexing innovation within China. Competitiveness Review: an international business journal. ISSN 1059-5422.
• Henriquez Parodi, Massiel Carolina & Alon, Ilan (2019). Experiential Learning Using Social Media in International Business Education. In Gonzalez-Perez, Maria Alejandra; Lynden, Karen & Taras, Vas (Ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Learning and Teaching International Business and Management. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 9783030204143. p. 111–134. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-20415-0_6.
• Munim, Ziaul Haque; Shakil, Mohammad Hassan & Alon, Ilan (2019). Next-Day Bitcoin Price Forecast. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. ISSN 1911-8066. 12(2). doi: 10.3390/jrfm12020103. Full text in Research Archive
• Lattemann, Christoph; Alon, Ilan & Emily, Patig (2019). Case in Disruption: LexShares and the Litigation Finance Sector. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. ISSN 1932-2054. 38(2), p. 13–22. doi: 10.1002/joe.21906. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Specializing in crowdfunding litigation via a web‐based platform, LexShares is part of a new generation of businesses designed to take advantage of the opportunities for disintermediation offered by the digitization of the economy. By connecting investors directly to plaintiffs and lawyers, LexShares has created an alternative financial investment product that is not dependent on the performance of traditional financial markets. Its business model shows how a single company can revolutionize its business sector by introducing and leveraging a disruptive technology. The company's experiences in the realm of litigation finance offer myriad lessons for business leaders seeking a competitive edge and new markets in any sector.

• Iddy, Judith Jacob & Alon, Ilan (2019). Knowledge management in franchising: a research agenda. Journal of Knowledge Management. ISSN 1367-3270. 23(4), p. 763–785. doi: 10.1108/JKM-07-2018-0441. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose – This paper aims to offer a comprehensive systematic review of knowledge management (KM) in franchising literature over the past 29 years. Design/methodology/approach – By means of bibliometric citation analysis, ISI Web of Science (WoS) database is used to analyze articles from 1990-2018. A total of 169 articles by 369 authors across 40 countries published in 113 journals from200 institutions were clustered and examined throughHistCites and VOSviewer. Findings – The exploration of KM in franchising is associated with 3 factors: governance structure; performance outcome; and franchise network growth. The findings also reveal that KM in franchising is still an emerging discipline encompassing conflicting results which offer potential for future research. Research limitations/implications – Identified research gaps and contradicting views in the literature offer opportunities for researchers to contribute to this research domain by empirically testing the role of absorptive capacity, replication vs adaptation strategies and new franchising formats, such as micro/ social franchising. Originality/value – This study is unique in its examination of KM in franchising. It also highlights the value of knowledge in franchise chain performance. Keywords Franchising, Knowledge transfer, Knowledge management Paper type Literature review

• Naatu, Felicia & Alon, Ilan (2019). Social Franchising: A Bibliometric and Theoretic Review. Journal of Promotion Management. ISSN 1049-6491. 25(5), p. 1–26. doi: 10.1080/10496491.2019.1584777. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  ABSTRACT We present a comprehensive review of social franchising literature and an integrated framework highlighting factors and theories driving the concept. Bibliometric and content analysis are used to analyze 111 articles between 2002 and 2018 from ISI Web of Science and Scopus. The following three research streams are identified: motivations for social franchising, how social franchising work, and impact of social franchising. These are integrated into a conceptual framework of five factors providing insights into value creation, performance improvement, and minimization of failures among social franchises. The review responds to calls for theoretical explorations in the field and provides bases for further studies.

• Alon, Ilan & Elango, B (2018). Franchising and initial public offering: a signaling perspective. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. ISSN 0959-0552. 46(11/12), p. 1193–1208. doi: 10.1108/IJRDM-10-2017-0240.
• Alon, Ilan; Chen, Shan & Mandolfo, Marco (2018). Supply chain – marketing integration: How do European SMEs go to China via the New Silk Road. Business Process Management Journal. ISSN 1463-7154. doi: 10.1108/BPMJ-04-2018-0106. Full text in Research Archive
• Jiménez, Alfredo & Alon, Ilan (2018). Corruption, Political Discretion and Entrepreneurship. Multinational Business Review. ISSN 1525-383X. 26(2), p. 111–125. doi: 10.1108/MBR-01-2018-0009. Full text in Research Archive
• Falahat, Mohammad; Knight, Garry & Alon, Ilan (2018). Orientations and Capabilities of Born Global Firms from Emerging Markets. International Marketing Review. ISSN 0265-1335. 35(6), p. 936–957. doi: 10.1108/IMR-01-2017-0021. Full text in Research Archive
• Alon, Ilan; Anderson, John; Munim, Ziaul Haque & Ho, Alice Nhu-Y (2018). A Review of the Internationalization of Chinese Enterprises. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. ISSN 0217-4561. 35(3), p. 573–605. doi: 10.1007/s10490-018-9597-5.
• Lankut, Erik; Gunkel, Marjaana; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Alon, Ilan & Taras, Vasyl (2018). Global leadership success: SME leader’s intelligences as a driver for internationalization success. In Gilli, Katharina; Gunkel, Marjaana & Nippa, Michael (Ed.), Conference Proceedings of the Interactive Research Development Workshop and Conference Internationalization of SMEs – New Insights and Future Research Opportunities. Free University of Bozen-Bolzano. ISSN 978-3-00-059929-3.

View all works in Cristin

• Alon, Ilan; Jaffe, DE; Luceri, Beatrice; Prange, Christiane & Vianelli, Donata (2022). Marketing internazionale. Strategie, principi e applicazioni. Routledge. ISBN 889214068X. 464 p.
• Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, Ilan & Lattermann, Christoph (2020). Huawei Goes Global. Volume I: Made in China for the World. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-47563-5. 353 p.
• Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, Ilan & Lattermann, Christoph (2020). Huawei Goes Global: Regional, Geopolitical Perspectives and Crisis Management. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-47578-9. 391 p.
• Alon, Ilan; Jaffe, Eugene; Prange, Christiane & Vianelli, Donata (2020). Global Marketing: Strategy, Practice, and Cases. Routledge. ISBN 9780367196097. 666 p.
• Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, Ilan & Lattemann, Christoph (2018). China's Belt and Road Initiative: Changing the Rules of Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3319754345. 358 p.

View all works in Cristin

• Inkpen, Andrew; Kettunen, Kerttu Pauliina; Alajoutsijärvi, Jouni Kimmo & Alon, Ilan (2023). Stakeholder Stigmatization and social media communities.
• Kettunen, Kerttu Pauliina; Inkpen, Andrew; Alajoutsijärvi, Jouni Kimmo & Alon, Ilan (2022). Presentation at SCANCOR workshop: Stigmatization and stakeholder activism.
• Alon, Ilan & Bretas, Vanessa P.G. (2021). COVID-19 and International Business. In Fang, Tony & Hassler, John (Ed.), Globalization, political economy, business and society in pandemic times. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. ISSN 9781800717923. p. 253–268. doi: 10.1108/S1876-066X20220000036021.
• Henriquez Parodi, Massiel Carolina; Lankut, Erik & Alon, Ilan (2021). Kavli Selling Cheese in a Tube to the World, Intercultural Management in Practice: Learning to Lead Diverse Global Organizations. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. ISSN 9781839828270. p. 27–33. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-826-320211004.
• Alon, Ilan; Zhang, Wenxian & Lattemann, Christoph (2021). The Case for Regulating Huawei. FIIB Business Review. ISSN 2319-7145. p. 1–3. doi: 10.1177/2319714520984666.
• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Floreani, Josanco (2021). Corruption, Foreign Aid and Foreign Direct Investment. Show summary

  This paper examines the moderating effect of foreign aid on corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI). Corruption has an asymmetric relationship with FDI. We propose and test a framework in which foreign aid as a formal institution moderates corruption's negative impact as an informal institution on FDI. We present two findings. First, corruption has a negative effect on FDI, confirming the "corruption as sand" theory. Second, foreign aid moderates the negative impact of corruption on FDI, and as a result, the original effect becomes positive. This result suggests that foreign aid as a formal institution negates the adverse outcomes of the informal institution of corruption for foreign investors. Countries that provide foreign aid contingent on reductions in corruption promote future economic activity, mitigate investment risks, and improve corrupt governments' governance and institutional quality. Therefore, foreign aid deserves more attention from companies and governments when formulating strategies and policies related to FDI and controlling corruption.

• Alon, Ilan; Larsen, Cecilie & Melgar-Echeverria, Gabriela E. (2020). Cultural intelligence: Contextual antecedents.
• Henriquez Parodi, Massiel Carolina & Alon, Ilan (2020). International Marketing Video Project.
• Henriquez Parodi, Massiel Carolina; Alon, Ilan & Mason, Michela Cesarina (2020). A Cross-Country Study of Behavioural Intentions of McDonalds Consumers.
• Alon, Ilan (2020). COVID-19 and International Business: A viewpoint. FIIB Business Review. ISSN 2319-7145. doi: 10.1177/2319714520923579. Full text in Research Archive
• Pilla Galetti Bretas, Vanessa; Alon, Ilan; Rocha, Thelma Valéria & Galetti, Jefferson Ricardo Bretas (2020). International franchising governance mode choice: A stakeholder perspective.
• Pilla Galetti Bretas, Vanessa; Alon, Ilan; Rocha, Thelma Valéria & Galetti, Jefferson Ricardo Bretas (2020). International Governance Mode Choice: Evidence from Brazilian Franchisors.
• Iddy, Judith Jacob; Alon, Ilan & Litalien, Benjamin (2020). Knowledge Transfer, Institutions, and Franchising: A Case of Social Enterprise in Africa.
• Pilla Galetti Bretas, Vanessa & Alon, Ilan (2020). Franchising in Brazil: foreign entrants build a presence. Journal of Business Strategy (JBS). ISSN 0275-6668. ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). doi: 10.1108/JBS-03-2020-0051.
• Bahoo, Salman & Alon, Ilan (2019). Framing the China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A Media Analysis. Show summary

  The purpose of the article is to conduct a media analysis of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by apply framing theory of media communication. Using qualitative analysis approach through NVivo, we examined total 100 articles from world top business media outlets (newspaper and magazine); The Wall Street Journal (68 articles), and The Economist (32 articles), from January 2012 to March 2019. We identify three main frames: (1) the BRI overview and economics; (2) the BRI and Geopolitics, the frame 2 has four sub-frames; (i) Geopolitics: BRI and United States of America, (ii) Geopolitics: BRI and Europe, (iii) Geopolitics: BRI and Africa, (iv) Geopolitics: BRI and Asia; and third main frame is (3) the BRI and world security and order. We conducted headlines tone analysis (positive or negative) and found that both media outlets are neutral regarding the reporting on BRI. We present a synthesis of issues related to BRI and policy recommendations. The methods and the findings have implications for international business scholars related to BRI and Chinese policymakers and thinktanks to consider the latest and practical issues or concerns of the critical stakeholders about BRI.

• Li, Shaomin & Alon, Ilan (2018). Chinese Firms Are Learning to Love the Rules . East Asia Forum Quarterly. ISSN 1837-5081.
• Lankut, Erik; Gunkel, Marjaana; Munim, Ziaul Haque; Taras, Vasyl; Alon, Ilan & Richter, Nicole (2018). Global Leadership success through cultural and emotional Intelligence in International teams.
• Naatu, Felicia & Alon, Ilan (2018). A Bibliometric Analysis of Social Franchising.
• Henriquez Parodi, Massiel Carolina; Alon, Ilan; Maria, Jell-Ojobor; Esmeralda, Aryee & Michele, Boulanger (2018). SIGNALING STRATEGY IN INTERNATIONAL FRANCHISING.
• Iddy, Judith Jacob & Alon, Ilan (2018). Knowledge Management in Franchising: A Research Agenda.
• Lattemann, Christoph; Alon, Ilan & Zhang, Wenxian (2018). Final Reflections. In Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, Ilan & Lattemann, Christoph (Ed.), China's Belt and Road Initiative: Changing the Rules of Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3319754345. p. 337–342.
• Alon, Ilan; Zhang, Wenxian & Lattemann, Christoph (2018). Introduction to China's Belt and Road Initiative. In Zhang, Wenxian; Alon, Ilan & Lattemann, Christoph (Ed.), China's Belt and Road Initiative: Changing the Rules of Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan. ISSN 978-3319754345. p. 1–14.
• Lankut, Erik; Yari, Nooria; Alon, Ilan & Richter, Nicole (2018). Cultural Intelligence - Status Quo in International Business.
• Pilla Galetti Bretas, Vanessa & Alon, Ilan (2021). International Franchising Governance Modes: An Emerging Market Perspective. 07 media. ISSN 978-82-8427-021-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Naatu, Felicia & Alon, Ilan (2021). Social Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility in Franchising. University of Agder. ISSN 978-82-8427-023-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Bahoo, Salman; Alon, Ilan & Floreani, Josanco (2021). Essays on Corruption . Nauka. ISSN 978-82-8427-015-9. Full text in Research Archive

View all works in Cristin