Erik Grasaas

• Grasaas, Erik & Sandbakk, Øyvind Bucher (2024). Adherence to physical activity recommendations and associations with self-efficacy among Norwegian adolescents: trends from 2017 to 2021. Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1382028.
• Ostojic, Sergej; Grasaas, Erik; Baltic, Sonja & Cvejic, Jelena (2024). Dietary creatine is associated with lower serum neurofilament light chain levels. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. ISSN 1715-5312. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0064.
• Grasaas, Erik; Ostojic, Sergej & Jahre, Henriette (2024). Adherence to sleep recommendations is associated with higher satisfaction with life among Norwegian adolescents. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18725-1.
• Medin, Anine Christine; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Helle, Christine; Helland, Sissel Heidi; Wills, Andrew Keith & Osorio, Natalie Garzon [Show all 22 contributors for this article] (2024). Scaling up evidence-based digital early life nutrition interventions in a county setting: an implementation trial – protocol for Phase 2 of the Nutrition Now project. Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 11. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326787. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Few effective health interventions transition from smaller efficacy or effectiveness studies to real-world implementation at scale, representing a gap between evidence and practice. Recognising this, we have developed Nutrition Now – a tailored digital resource building on four efficacious dietary interventions, aiming to improve nutrition in the important first 1,000 days of life. Nutrition Now targets and guides expectant parents and parents of 0–2 year olds, serves as a reliable source of evidence-based information for midwives and public health nurses at maternal and child healthcare (MCH) centres, and offers pedagogical tools for early childhood education and care (ECEC) staff. The aim of this study is to implement Nutrition Now at scale and evaluate the impact of different sets of multifaceted implementation strategies on implementation outcomes. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with three study arms will be used, providing either low, medium or high implementation support, when rolled out in 50 municipalities in 2 counties in Norway. Nutrition Now will be implemented in MCH and ECEC settings and made available to expectant parents and parents of 0–2 year olds through social media and MCH. The implementation support builds on strategies described in the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) implementation framework and is informed by dialogues with stakeholders. Impact of the different degree of implementation support will be assessed by examining reach, adoption, fidelity, and sustainability using usage data generated from the Nutrition Now resource, publicly available municipal data and qualitative interviews with MCH and ECEC staff. Discussion: Nutrition Now Phase 2 will break new ground by scaling up successively delivered and complementary dietary interventions in the first 1,000 days of life in a real-life context. The project also seeks to identify what level of implementation support is most effective when implementing digital, scalable, evidence-based early-life nutrition interventions in community settings. The project will inform implementation research and provide knowledge about effective implementation strategies to be used in a national scale-up of Nutrition Now. Trial registration: The study is registered prospectively (submitted 14/06/2022, registration date: 19/06/2022) in the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry (ISRCTN): reg. Number: ISRCTN10694967, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN10694967.

• Grasaas, Erik; Mikkelsen, Hilde Elisabeth Timenes ; Haraldstad, Kristin; Helseth, Sølvi; Hagen, Milada & Skarstein, Siv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Pain in Adolescence: Maternal and Paternal Factors Affecting Adolescents’ Pain in Norway—A Cross-Sectional Study. Children. ISSN 2227-9067. 10(12). doi: 10.3390/children10121915. Full text in Research Archive
• Grasaas, Erik; Rohde, Gudrun E.; Haraldstad, Kristin; Helseth, Sølvi; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Skarstein, Siv [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Sleep duration in schooldays is associated with health-related quality of life in norwegian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics. ISSN 1471-2431. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-04306-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Insufficient sleep is commonly reported in adolescence and is negatively associated with a wide range of health outcomes. A way to grasp the complicated challenge of how sleep impact different aspects of the adolescents´ everyday life is by examining the relationship between sleep duration in schooldays and weekends on different health-related quality of life (HRQOL) subscales. Furthermore, to expand the understanding of possible underlying mechanisms between sleep and HRQOL, testing for self-efficacy as a possible mediator is of importance. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among 696 adolescents aged 13–15 years from a schoolbased setting. All participants completed an electronic survey in their respective classrooms. The survey included demographic data, the School Sleep Habits Survey, the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire measuring HRQOL, and the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Statistics software including PROCESS macro by Andrew Hayes. Results Our findings revealed overall similar sleep patterns in boys and girls including longer sleep duration in the study sample during weekends (10:09 h) than in schooldays (08:36 h). Regression analyses revealed that sleep duration in schooldays was positively and statistically associated with HRQOL subscales psychological well-being (95% CI [0.44 to 1.33]), autonomy and parents (95% CI [0.12 to 1.06]), school environment (95% CI [0.47 to 1.40]), and self-efficacy (95% CI [0.01 to 0.47]). Sleep duration in weekends revealed no associations with the HRQOL subscales, except for the HRQOL subscale psychological well-being (95% CI [0.09 to 0.85]). Mediation analyses revealed that sleep duration in schooldays explained most of the associations (64 −75%) in 4 out 5 HRQOL subscales, except in the association with the HRQOL subscale physical well-being revealing an indirect effect of 71.9%. Conclusions This cross-sectional study described sleep among Norwegian adolescents and demonstrated that sleep durations in weekends and schooldays impact HRQOL and self-efficacy, revealing overall better outcome in HRQOL and self-efficacy with sufficient sleep during schooldays. These findings support the regularity of sleep and highlight the importance of sufficient sleep during schooldays, especially in a school-based sample of adolescents.

• Valen, Erlend Larsen; Grasaas, Erik; Engeset, Dagrun; Salvesen, Lorentz; Skeie, Guri & Øverby, Nina Cecilie [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Myfood24 på norsk: et selvadministrert digitalt 24-timers kostintervju. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 21(2), p. 13–22. doi: 10.18261/ntfe.21.2.3. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Innen ernæringsepidemiologien er vi i stor grad avhengige av å estimere inntak av mat og næringsstoffer basert på selvrapportering, til tross for at denne tilnærmingen er beheftet med målefeil. Graden av målefeil har betydning for analyser og tolkning av resultater, så metodene vi bruker bør være så valide som mulig. Å utvikle brukervennlige kostholdsmetoder som reduserer belastning for deltaker kan være et viktig bidrag til mer nøyaktig rapportering, samtidig som tids- og ressursbruken begrenses. Det digitale kostholdsverktøyet myfood24, opprinnelig utviklet ved Universitetet i Leeds, kan enten brukes som et selvadministrert 24-timers kostintervju, eller matdagbok. Verktøyet har de siste årene blitt oversatt og kulturelt tilpasset til flere land, både i og utenfor Europa, og har blitt validert i en rekke ulike aldersgrupper. I 2019 startet arbeidet med å lage en norsk versjon av myfood24. Det er allerede gjennomført en valideringsstudie av bilder av porsjonsstørrelser som inngår i den norske versjonen, og det planlegges å validere verktøyet ytterligere. Hensikten med denne artikkelen er å beskrive utviklingsarbeidet som er gjort. Målet er at norske myfood24 også skal kunne brukes av andre norske forskere, og med denne artikkelen ønsker vi å gjøre informasjon om verktøyet tilgjengelig.

• Ostojic, Sergej; Grasaas, Erik & Jelena, Cvejic (2023). Dietary creatine and cancer risk in the U.S. population: NHANES 2017–2020. Journal of Functional Foods. ISSN 1756-4646. 108. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105733. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  While creatine is generally considered a safe dietary compound, there have been concerns about excessive creatine intake and its possible link to cancer. The main of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary creatine intake and cancer risk in the general US population using data from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We extracted a dataset that included information on medical conditions and dietary intake from 7,344 NHANES respondents. We used individual data files containing detailed information about each food and beverage item consumed to calculate creatine intake from meat- and milk-based food sources. In a subset of NHANES respondents who reported their cancer status, the average daily creatine intake was 11.6 ± 11.5 mg per kg body mass (95 % CI, 11.3 to 11.8); all participants in the subset were 20 years or older. Cancer-free individuals consumed significantly more creatine per day than those with cancer (11.7 ± 11.6 mg/kg body mass vs. 10.6 ± 10.2 mg/kg body mass; P = 0.01). The odds ratio for having cancer in the subset of participants consuming < 10.5 mg of creatine per kg body mass daily (the 50th percentile of consumption) compared to those with higher intake (≥10.5 mg) was 1.18 (95 % CI, from 1.01 to 1.37), indicating a significant association between lower dietary creatine intake and increased cancer risk (P = 0.03). Our findings suggest that consuming a diet that includes more creatine may be associated with a reduced risk of cancer or malignancy in U.S. adults aged 20 years and over, with the average difference in creatine intake between cancer-free individuals and cancer groups was relatively small (1.1 mg/kg body mass). Further studies are necessary to confirm the potential benefits of creatine-rich foods or dietary supplements in the management of cancer.

• Grasaas, Erik; Skarstein, Siv; Mikkelsen, Hilde Elisabeth Timenes ; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Rohde, Gudrun E. & Helseth, Sølvi [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). The relationship between stress and health-related quality of life and the mediating role of self-efficacy in Norwegian adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 20, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12955-022-02075-w. Full text in Research Archive
• Helland, Sissel Heidi; Bjørkkjær, Tormod; Grasaas, Erik & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (2022). Staff feeding practices, food neophobia, and educational level in early education and care settings: A cross-sectional study. Appetite. ISSN 0195-6663. 180. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106379. Full text in Research Archive
• Grasaas, Erik; Helseth, Sølvi; Fegran, Liv; Stinson, Jennifer; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Lalloo, Chitra [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). App-based intervention among adolescents with persistent pain: a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial. BMC Pilot and Feasibility Studies. ISSN 2055-5784. 8. doi: 10.1186/s40814-022-01113-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Persistent pain in adolescence adversely afects everyday life and is an important public health problem. The primary aim was to determine the feasibility of an 8-week app-based self-management intervention to reduce pain and improve health-related quality of life in a community-based population of adolescents with persistent pain. A secondary aim was to explore diferences in health outcomes between the intervention and control groups. Methods: A sample of 73 adolescents aged 16–19 years with persistent pain from a community-based population were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention group received the Norwegian culturally adapted version of the iCanCope with PainTM app, which includes symptom tracking, goal setting, self-management strategies, and social support. The attention control group received a symptom tracking app. Feasibility was assessed as attrition rates and level of engagement (interactions with the app). The secondary outcomes included pain intensity, health-related quality of life, self-efcacy, pain self-efcacy, perceived social support from friends, anxiety and depression, and patient global impression. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS. Results: Demographic and baseline outcome variables did not difer between the 2 groups. No diferences were found between the participants completing the study and those who withdrew. Twenty-eight adolescents completed the intervention as planned (62% attrition). Both groups had a low level of app engagement. Intention-to-treat analysis (n = 19 + 14) showed no signifcant diferences in outcomes between groups. However, the large efect size (Cohen’s d = .9) for depression suggested a lower depression score in the intervention group. Conclusions: High treatment attrition and low engagement indicate the need for changes in trial design in a fullscale randomized controlled trial to improve participant retention.

• Sylte, Mari; Grasaas, Erik & Haraldstad, Kristin (2021). Living with pain in adolescence- a qualitative study. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. 16. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleienf.2021.86940en. Show summary

  Background: Pain is a major health concern and increasing numbers of adolescents experience persistent pain. More girls than boys are aected. Living with pain aects a person’s quality of life and is related to sleeplessness, stress, depression, and absence from school. For many, the pain becomes severe and persistent, lasting into adulthood.Objective: To describe how young people experience living with persistent pain, how this aects their everyday life and schoolwork, and what they themselves are doing to cope with their pain. Method: The study has a qualitative design and is based on individual interviews with seven adolescents with persistent pain. Results: One of the study’s main ndings was that the young people experienced a great deal of stress and pressure in their everyday lives, and that they generally linked their pain to this strain. Stress associated with school and schoolwork was of particular concern. The informants did not wish to be absent from school because of their pain, and most of them were not talking to anybody about these problems. The results also showed that most of the informants had no eective strategy for coping with pain. Conclusion: The young informants felt a lack of support and found that they had insucient information and inadequate strategies for coping with pain. Because pain can have serious consequences in the short and long term, it is important that health promoting eorts emphasise pain prevention and strategies for coping with pain, to stop the pain from becoming chronic or persistent. Public health nurses are familiar with ways of coping with pain and stress and have an important role to play in giving information to children and their parents and providing guidance for adolescents in how to cope with pain.

• Sylte, Mari; Grasaas, Erik & Haraldstad, Kristin (2021). Å leve med smerter i ungdomstiden- en kvalitativ studie av ungdommers erfaringer. Sykepleien Forskning. ISSN 1890-2936. 16. doi: 10.4220/Sykepleienf.2021.86940. Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Smerter er et av våre store helseproblemer, og stadig ere unge har langvarige smerter. Flere jenter enn gutter er rammet. Det å leve med smerter går ut over livskvaliteten og har sammenheng med søvnproblemer, stress, depresjon og fravær fra skolen. For mange blir smerten alvorlig og langvarig og varer til voksen alder.Hensikt: Å beskrive hvordan ungdommer erfarer å leve med langvarige smerter, hvordan det virker inn på hverdagen og skolen, og hva ungdommene selv gjør for å mestre smertene. Metode: Studien har et kvalitativt design og omfatter individuelle intervjuer med sju ungdommer som har langvarige smerter. Resultat: Et av hovedfunnene i studien var at ungdommene opplevde mye stress og press i hverdagen, og at de knyttet smertene i stor grad til dette. Det gjaldt særlig stress knyttet til skole og skolearbeid. Ungdommene ønsket ikke å være borte fra skolen på grunn av smerter, og de este snakket ikke med andre om disse problemene. Videre viste resultatene at de este ungdommene mangler eektive strategier for smertemestring. Konklusjon: Ungdommene opplevde mangel på støtte, informasjon og eektive strategier for å mestre smertene. Fordi smerter kan ha alvorlige konsekvenser både på kort og lang sikt, er det viktig at man i det helsefremmende arbeidet legger vekt på å forebygge smerter og bidra til mestring, slik at ikke smertene blir kroniske eller langvarige. Helsesykepleiere har kunnskap om mestring av smerte og stress. De har en viktig rolle i å informere både barn og foreldre og veilede ungdommer når det gjelder smertemestring.

• Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Grasaas, Erik; Polspoel, Maaike E. M.; Røed, Margrethe; Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (2021). Parental phone use during mealtimes with toddlers and the associations with feeding practices and shared family meals : a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10757-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Grasaas, Erik & Broberg, Camilla (2020). «Tren deg stødig» - Effekten av kombinerte treningsintervensjoner for fallforebygging hos eldre: En litteraturstudie. Fysioterapeuten. ISSN 0016-3384. 8, p. 8–13.
• Grasaas, Erik; Helseth, Sølvi; Fegran, Liv; Stinson, Jennifer; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova & Haraldstad, Kristin (2020). Health-related quality of life in adolescents with persistent pain and the mediating role of self-efficacy: a cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 18(19). doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-1273-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Grasaas, Erik; Fegran, Liv; Helseth, Sølvi; Stinson, Jennifer; Martinez, Santiago & Lalloo, Chitra [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). iCanCope With Pain: Cultural Adaptation and Usability Testing of a Self-Management App for Adolescents With Persistent Pain in Norway. JMIR Research Protocols. ISSN 1929-0748. 8(6), p. 1–14. doi: 10.2196/12940. Full text in Research Archive
• Grasaas, Erik; Hegge, Ann Magdalen; Ettema, Gerardus Johannes C & Sandbakk, Øyvind (2014). The effects of poling on physiological, kinematic and kinetic responses in roller ski skating. European Journal of Applied Physiology. ISSN 1439-6319. 114(9), p. 1933–1942. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-2926-6.

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• Grasaas, Erik & Sandbakk, Øyvind (2024). Fysisk aktivitet gir ungdommer større tro på egne evner. [Internet]. Forskning.no.
• Grasaas, Erik (2023). Søvn bør på pensum på ungdomsskolen. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
• Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Helland, Sissel Heidi; Helle, Christine; Wills, Andrew Keith & Lamu, Admassu Nadew [Show all 23 contributors for this article] (2023). Evaluating the effectiveness and implementation of evidence-based early-life nutrition interventions in a community setting a hybrid type 1 non-randomized trial – the Nutrition Now project protocol. Frontiers in Endocrinology. ISSN 1664-2392. 13. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1071489. Full text in Research Archive
• Sylte, Mari; Grasaas, Erik & Haraldstad, Kristin (2021). Ungdommer som lever med smerter opplever mer stress i hverdagen. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
• Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Grasaas, Erik & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (2021). Sjekker du mobilen og svarer på et par mail mens smårollingen spiser? . Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
• Ettema, Gertja; Grasaas, Christina Åsan; Grasaas, Erik & Sandbakk, Øyvind (2013). Changes in technique after high-intensity exercise during roller ski skating.
• Sandbakk, Øyvind; Grasaas, Christina Åsan & Grasaas, Erik (2013). Physiological determinants of sprint and distance performance level I elite cross-country skiers.
• Grasaas, Erik (2020). iCanCope with PainTM Norway: Cultural translation and feasibility testing of the Norwegian iCanCope with PainTM app aimed at reducing pain and improving health-related quality of life in a school-based population of adolescents with persistent pain. 07 Media. ISSN 978-82-7117-990-8. Full text in Research Archive

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