Elling Tufte Bere

• Totland, Torunn Holm; Øvrebø, Bente; Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Holvik, Kristin; Bere, Elling Tufte & Torheim, Liv Elin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Development and evaluation of an index assessing adherence to the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines: the Norwegian Dietary Guideline Index (NDGI). BMC Nutrition. ISSN 2055-0928. 10. doi: 10.1186/s40795-024-00900-7. Show summary

  Background Monitoring adherence to the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) could provide valuable insight into current and future diet-related health risks. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an index measuring adherence to the Norwegian FBDGs to be used as a compact tool in nutrition surveillance suitable for inclusion in large public health surveys. Methods The Norwegian Dietary Guideline Index (NDGI) was designed to reflect adherence to the Norwegian FBDGs on a scale from 0–100, with a higher score indicating better adherence. Dietary intakes were assessed through 19 questions, reflecting 15 dietary components covered by the Norwegian FBDGs. The NDGI was applied and evaluated using nationally representative dietary data from the cross-sectional web-based Norwegian Public Health Survey which included 8,558 adults.​ Results The population-weighted NDGI score followed a nearly normal distribution with a mean of 65 (SD 11) and range 21–99. Mean scores varied with background factors known to be associated with adherence to a healthy diet; women scored higher than men (67 vs. 64) and the score increased with age, with higher educational attainment (high 69 vs. low 64) and with better self-perceived household economy (good 67 vs. restricted 62). The NDGI captured a variety of dietary patterns that contributed to a healthy diet consistent with the FBDGs. Conclusion The NDGI serve as a compact tool to assess and monitor adherence to the Norwegian FBDGs, to identify target groups for interventions, and to inform priorities in public health policies.​ The tool is flexible to adjustments and may be adaptable to use in other countries or settings with similar dietary guidelines.

• Juul, Filippa & Bere, Elling Tufte (2024). Ultra-processed foods – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10616.
• Stenqvist, Thomas Birkedal & Bere, Elling Tufte (2024). How traditional Norwegian outdoor activities are changing; a 10-year follow up in relation to sociodemographic factors. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. ISSN 2624-9367. 6. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1355776. Full text in Research Archive
• Sundfør, Hanne Beate; Berntsen, Sveinung; Bere, Elling Tufte & Fyhri, Aslak (2024). The effects of subsidising e-bikes on mode share and physical activity - A natural experiment. Journal of Transport and Health. ISSN 2214-1405. 35(March 2024), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2023.101752. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction The promotion of increased cycling is a political goal in numerous countries due to its environmental and public health benefits. Initiatives to stimulate e-bike use, like subsidies, may be a relevant strategy. However, understanding of the effects of these subsidies remains limited. In the present study our aim was to investigate the short-term effects of subsidising e-bike purchases on mode share distribution, physical activity derived from daily travel, and overall levels of physical activity. Methods We used the 2020-subvention program in Oslo, Norway, as a natural experiment, employing a pre-post randomised group design. The trial group (N = 194) and control group (N = 2174) participated in a survey at two time points (in April and September 2021), which included a one-day travel diary and questions about physical activity over the previous week. Results Our findings revealed a significant 12.6 [7.2, 18.0] percentage point increase in bicycle mode share, followed by a decrease in the share of car and public transport usage of 10.1 [-15.9, −2.5] and 7.1 [-11.8, −2.4] percentage points. In terms of physical activity generated from daily travel, we observed a greater increase in e-cycling compared to the decrease in conventional cycling and walking, resulting in an overall rise in active transport. However, despite these findings, we did not detect a significant increase in overall physical activity resulting from this increased active mobility. Conclusion Initiatives such as subsidies for e-bikes may align with both environmental and public health goals, as the subvention led to an increase in the bicycle mode share and an overall rise in active transport. However, to assess the impact on overall physical activity, additional research utilising more precise measurements is needed.

• Halkjelsvik, Torleif & Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). The effect of free school fruit on academic performance: a nationwide quasi-experiment. Scientific Reports. ISSN 2045-2322. 13(1), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48095-4. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In past research, higher intake of fruit has been associated with better academic achievement. In Norway, the government required lower secondary schools to provide fruit to their pupils from 2007 to 2014. The present study assessed whether this policy improved academic performance. In addition to secondary schools, the policy covered schools with combined elementary and lower secondary education, but not ordinary elementary schools. This differentiation, in combination with administrative data on test scores before, during, and after the law was enforced, created a nationwide quasi-experiment. Population register data on parents’ sociodemographic characteristics allowed for targeted analyses on a subsample of boys with low sociodemographic status. In analyses of 5th grade tests, the free fruit policy coincided with a slight decline in test scores among eligible compared to non-eligible pupils in the subsample (B = − 0.18, 95%CI[− 0.35, − 0.01]) and entire population (B = − 0.14, 95%CI[− 0.24, − 0.05]). Exploratory analyses of exam data in 10th grade yielded similar results, and sensitivity tests either failed to detect any effect or demonstrated a negative tendency. In a Western country with low levels of food insecurity, a policy that required schools to provide free fruit to pupils did not appear to improve academic performance.

• Bere, Elling Tufte & Dankel, Simon N (2023). Ja, hva kreves egentlig av kunnskap før man gir kostholdsråd? Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 143(13). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0586.
• Martnes, Jørgen Jerstad & Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Physical activity when riding an electric-assisted bicycle with and without cargo. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. ISSN 2624-9367. 5. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1179043. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Regular physical activity provides several health benefits, and active transport is a convenient way to implement physical activity in everyday life. However, bikes’ lack of possibilities to carry cargo is a limitation. E-cargo bikes can help overcome barriers to cycling and increase levels of active transport while still providing the option to carry cargo such as groceries and children. As such, E-cargo bikes have a greater potential for being a substitute for cars, but relevance is not known as no study has assessed the energy expenditure and time used using E-cargo bikes with considerable cargo. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare time spent riding and exercise intensity when (1) riding an electric-assisted bicycle with cargo (30 kg) and without cargo and (2) driving a car. Method: This study has a randomised crossover design. Eleven participants (six women) were recruited through convenience sampling. The participants traversed through a 4.5 km route with three different forms of transportation: an electricassisted bicycle (E-bike) with 30 kg cargo, an E-bike without cargo, and a car. Oxygen uptake was measured with a portable oxygen analyser (Metamax 3B), and time spent cycling was measured on site by the test leader using a stopwatch. Results: Riding an E-bike with cargo was slightly slower than riding an E-bike without cargo (11.8 vs. 11.1 min, p = 0.017) and driving a car (8.8 min, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in exercise intensity between E-bikes with and without cargo but riding an E-bike with cargo entailed significantly higher exercise intensity compared to driving a car [4.9 metabolic equivalents of task (METs) vs. 1.4 METs, p ≤ 0.001]. Conclusions: E-biking with cargo was rather similar in time spent and exercise intensity to E-biking without cargo, and not much slower than driving a car. Using E-cargo bikes, therefore, appears a good alternative to driving a car when in need of carrying things such as grocery bags and children, resulting in increasing physical activity and, at the same time, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions.

• Øvrebø, Bente; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Stea, Tonje Holte; Wills, Andrew Keith; Bere, Elling Tufte & Magnus, Per Minor [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). The influence of immigrant background and parental education on overweight and obesity in 8-year-old children in Norway. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 23. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16571-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background Little is known about the prevalence of overweight/obesity and socio-economic position (SEP) in children with immigrant background in Scandinavia. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of overweight/obesity by immigrant background among children in Norway and to explore the role of SEP in explaining diferences in weight status. Methods Anthropometric data from 8,858 children (age 8.3 years) from the population-based Norwegian Childhood Growth Study were used. Information about immigrant background, country of origin, and parental education (used as an indicator of SEP) were provided by Statistics Norway. For children with immigrant background, regional background was determined based on country of origin. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated for overweight/obesity and weight-to-height-ratio (WHtR)≥0.5 by immigration and regional background, using generalized estimating equation log-binominal models adjusting for sex, age, survey year (model 1), residential area, population density (model 2) and parental education (model 3). Results Children with immigrant background had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and WHtR≥0.5 than non-immigrant background children. Adjusted for parental education, children with an immigrant background from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia except South-Asia, and Africa had a higher prevalence of overweight/ obesity [PR: 1.37 (95% confdence interval (CI): 1.10–1.72), 1.28 (1.05–1.57), 1.47 (1.13–1.91), respectively] than children with a non-immigrant background. Children originating from Asia except South-Asia had a higher prevalence of WHtR≥0.5 (PR: 1.64, CI: 1.25–2.15) compared to non-immigrant background children. The adjustment for parental education did not substantially change the results. Conclusion Children with immigrant background had higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than non-immigrant background children. The diference varied according to region of origin but not substantially according to parental education. There is a need for culturally acceptable preventative measures targeting the parents of immigrant background children.

• Stavnsbo, Mette; Stenling, Andreas; Berntsen, Sveinung; Chinapaw, Mai J. M.; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Manios, Yannis [Show all 12 contributors for this article] (2023). Does an obesogenic family environment moderate the association between sports participation and body composition in children? The ENERGY project. Pediatric Obesity. ISSN 2047-6302. 18(7). doi: 10.1111/ijpo.13031. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BackgroundPrevious research on the association between sports participation and body composition has shown mixed findings. The family home is considered one of the most influential environments on childhood obesity. Thus, the association between sports participation and body composition in children may be influenced by an obesogenic home environment.ObjectivesTo investigate if an obesogenic family environment moderates the association between sports participation and body composition in children.MethodsA total of 3999 children (54% girls; 11.6 ± 0.7 years) and their parent(s) were included from the ENERGY project. A composite obesogenic family environment risk score was created from 10 questionnaire items. Height, weight (to calculate body mass index), and waist circumference were obtained by trained researchers and used as indicators of body composition.ResultsThe composite risk score significantly moderated the association between sports participation and both waist circumference and body mass index. In children from families with moderate and high obesogenic risk, organized sports participation was significantly associated with smaller waist circumference (moderate risk: −0.29, 95% CI −0.45 to −0.14; high risk: −0.46, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.25) and lower body mass index (moderate risk: −0.10, 95% CI −0.16 to −0.04; high risk: −0.14, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.06), but not in children with a low obesogenic family risk score.ConclusionsEnrolling children in sports activities from an early age can be important for healthy weight maintenance, especially among children from obesogenic family environments.

• Mishra, Anu; Zhou, Bin; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Bixby, Honor; Singleton, Rosie K. & Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. [Show all 1,626 contributors for this article] (2023). Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development. Nature. ISSN 0028-0836. 615, p. 874–883. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.

• Richardsen, Helene Kristin; Bere, Elling Tufte; Stea, Tonje Holte; Klepp, Knut Inge & Engeset, Dagrun (2023). Effect of Ending the Nationwide Free School Fruit Scheme on the Intake of Fruits, Vegetables, and Unhealthy Snacks in Norwegian School Children Aged 10–12 Years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 20(3). doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032489. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Norwegian authorities started a nationwide free school fruit program in 2007, implemented in all secondary schools (grades 8–10) and combined schools (grades 1–10) in Norway. The program ended in 2014. This study evaluates the effect of ending the nationwide free school fruit program on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks among Norwegian sixth and seventh graders. The study sample consists of pupils at 18 schools that participated in all data collections in the Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks project (FVMM), initiated in 2001, with new data collections in 2008 and 2018. Four of the schools were combined schools, therefore children in sixth and seventh grade at these schools received free fruit in 2008 (intervention schools), and fourteen schools did not (control schools). Between 2008 and 2018, pupils at the intervention schools ate a lower proportion of fruits and vegetables per school week, and the consumption of unhealthy snacks increased compared to the control schools. Completion of the free fruit program was not significantly different for boys and girls, or low and high parental education. The results indicate that the end of the free school fruit program resulted in less healthy eating habits among children.

• Riiser, Amund; Bere, Elling Tufte; Andersen, Lars Bo & Nordengen, Solveig (2022). E-cycling and health benefits: A systematic literature review with meta-analyses. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. ISSN 2624-9367. 4. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1031004. Full text in Research Archive
• Vejrup, Kristine; Agnihotri, Neha; Bere, Elling Tufte; Schjølberg, Synnve; Leblanc, Marissa Erin & Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Adherence to a healthy and potentially sustainable Nordic diet is associated with child development in The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Nutrition Journal. ISSN 1475-2891. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12937-022-00799-5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The rapid neurodevelopment that occurs during the first years of life hinges on adequate nutrition throughout fetal life and early childhood. Therefore, adhering to a dietary pattern based on healthy foods during pregnancy and the first years of life may be beneficial for future development. The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between adherence to a healthy and potentially sustainable Nordic diet during pregnancy and in early childhood and child development. Methods This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). In 83,800 mother-child pairs, maternal pregnancy diet and child diet at 6 months, 18 months and 3 years were scored according to adherence to the New Nordic Diet (NND). NND scores were calculated both as a total score and categorized into low, medium, or high adherence. Child communication and motor development skills were reported by parents at 6 months, 18 months, 3 and 5 years, using short forms of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Child Development Inventory. Associations of NND adherence with child development were estimated with linear and logistic regression in crude and adjusted models. Results When examining the NND and child developmental scores as percentages of the total scores, we found positive associations between the NND scores (both maternal pregnancy diet and child diet) and higher scoring on child development (adjusted β^ s [95% confidence intervals] ranging from 0.007 [0.004, 0.009] to 0.045 [0.040, 0.050]). We further found that low and medium adherence to NND were associated with higher odds of later emerging developmental skills compared to high NND adherence at nearly all measured timepoints (odds ratios [95% CI] ranging from significant values 1.15 [1.03–1.29] to 1.79 [1.55, 2.06] in adjusted analyses). Conclusions Our findings support that adherence to a healthy and potentially sustainable diet early in life is important for child development every step of the way from pregnancy until age 5 years.

• Laxdal, Aron Gauti; Johansen, Bjørn Tore; Bere, Elling Tufte & Solstad, Bård Erlend (2022). Towards More Sustainable Sports: Analyzing the Travel Behavior of Adolescent Soccer Players in Southern Norway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(15), p. 1–7. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159373. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mitigating climate change is a global challenge demanding effort from all sectors, and sports are no exception. While transportation is one of the key issues regarding sustainable sports, the methods by which children and adolescents get to practice have not received much attention. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to present how adolescents in Southern Norway travel to soccer practice and assess how the mode of transportation is related to sex, socioeconomic status, age, ethnicity, and distance from home to practice. Cross-sectional data were collected from 558 adolescent soccer players (398 boys and 190 girls) representing 30 different clubs from settlements of varying rurality. While most of the participants lived within cycling distance from the field of practice, the majority opted for passive modes of transportation (55% passive vs. 45% active). A logistic regression analysis found that traveling distance and age were associated with active transportation habits, while sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were not. Further research is needed to examine the main barriers to active travel for this already active population, as active transport represents an opportunity for sports to become more sustainable.

• Øvrebø, Bente; Stea, Tonje Holte; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Bere, Elling Tufte; Suren, Pål & Magnus, Per Minor [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). A nationwide school fruit and vegetable policy and childhood and adolescent overweight: A quasi-natural experimental study. PLoS Medicine. ISSN 1549-1277. 19(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003881. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; te Velde, Saskia J.; Fyhri, Aslak; Isaksen, Ketil & Deforche, Benedicte [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). The impact of weather conditions on everyday cycling with different bike types in parents of young children participating in the CARTOBIKE randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. ISSN 1556-8318. doi: 10.1080/15568318.2021.1999538. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Knowledge about how weather conditions affect travel behavior in different user groups and contexts is relevant for planners and policymakers to facilitate sustainable transportation systems. We aimed to assess the influence of day-to-day weather on cycling for transportation among parents of young children with access to different bike types (e-bike vs non e-bike) in a natural study setting over nine months. We hypothesized less impact of weather variability on cycling when using an e-bike compared with a non e-bike. A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Southern Norway. The intervention group (n = 18) was in random order equipped with an e-bike with trailer for child transportation (n = 6), a cargo (longtail) bike (n = 6) and a traditional bike with trailer (n = 6), each for three months. These 18 participants reported cycling on 832 out of 3276 person-days (25%). We used dynamic structural equation modeling for intensive longitudinal data to examine the relations between daily weather conditions, bike type (e-bike vs traditional bike), and cycling (dichotomized daily at yes or no). Air temperature (positively) and wind speed (negatively) were both credible predictors of cycling, whereas the other predictors (precipitation in the morning (yes or no) and presence of snow (yes or no) were not. We added interaction terms between bike type and weather conditions, but none of the interaction terms had a credible effect on cycling. Thus, the relations between weather conditions and cycling were not moderated by bike type among parents of young children.

• Øvrebø, Bente; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Stea, Tonje Holte; Bere, Elling; Surén, Pål & Magnus, Per Minor [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Overweight, obesity, and thinness among a nationally representative sample of Norwegian adolescents and changes from childhood: Associations with sex, region, and population density. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 16(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255699. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Westergren, Thomas; Sejersted, Ellen; Torstveit, Monica Klungland; Hansen, Bjørge Hermann & Berntsen, Sveinung [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). Does organized sports participation in childhood and adolescence positively influence health? A review of reviews. Preventive Medicine Reports. ISSN 2211-3355. 23. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101425. Full text in Research Archive
• Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Sagedal, Linda R.; Bere, Elling & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (2021). Family meal participation is associated with dietary intake among 12-month-olds in Southern Norway. BMC Pediatrics. ISSN 1471-2431. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02591-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Agnihotri, Neha; Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Bere, Elling Tufte; Wills, Andrew Keith; Brantsæter, Anne Lise & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (2021). Development and description of New Nordic Diet scores across infancy and childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Maternal & Child Nutrition. ISSN 1740-8695. 17(3). doi: 10.1111/mcn.13150. Full text in Research Archive
• Mildestvedt, Thomas; Hovland, Olav Johannes; Berntsen, Sveinung; Bere, Elling Tufte & Fegran, Liv (2020). Getting physically active by e-bike: An active commuting intervention study. Physical Activity and Health (PAAH). 4(1), p. 120–129. doi: 10.5334/paah.63.
• Van Oeckel, Veerle; Deforche, Benedicte; Ridgers, Nicola D.; Bere, Elling Tufte & Verloigne, Maïté (2020). Validity of Items Assessing Self-Reported Number of Breaks in Sitting Time among Children and Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 17(18). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186708. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvrebø, Bente; Halkjelsvik, Torleif Bjordal; Meisfjord, Jørgen Rajan; Bere, Elling Tufte & Hart, Rannveig Kaldager (2020). The effects of an abrupt increase in taxes on candy and soda in Norway: an observational study of retail sales. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. ISSN 1479-5868. 17, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-01017-3. Full text in Research Archive
• Agnihotri, Neha; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Bere, Elling Tufte; Wills, Andrew Keith; Brantsæter, Anne Lise & Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord (2020). Childhood adherence to a potentially healthy and sustainable Nordic diet and later overweight: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Maternal & Child Nutrition. ISSN 1740-8695. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13101. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Westergren, Thomas; Fegran, Liv; te Velde, Saskia J.; Fyhri, Aslak & Deforche, Benedicte [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). Cumbersome but desirable — Breaking the code of everyday cycling. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15(9), p. 1–20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239127. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction Cycling for transport could integrate physical activity (PA) into daily routines and potentially increase total PA levels. However, for parents with young children, most factors affecting transport mode choice tend to facilitate car use. Greater insight is necessary into reasons for (not) using sustainable transport modes in parents with young children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the experiences, including motives, perceptions, attitudes, and norms, of parents of young children by using an e-bike, a longtail bike, and a traditional bike for everyday travel to the workplace, kindergarten, and the grocery store during the autumn, winter, and spring, in nine months. Methods Semistructured focus group interviews were conducted with 18 parents of young children residing in southern Norway. Parents were recruited through Facebook announcements and direct contact with kindergartens, selected organisations, and companies in the Kristiansand municipality. Data were analysed by systematic text condensation by using NVivo V.11. Results Participants’ experiences were summarised by three main themes: ‘cycling is cumbersome’, ‘cycling reflects the desirable me’, and ‘breaking the cycling code’. Time use, planning, logistics, wet and cold weather, long distances, and no cycling habit were frequently mentioned barriers, and the most notable facilitator was the children’s attitude towards cycling. In general, children loved to cycle and preferred cycling to driving. Additionally, the freedom and independence of cycling were emphasised and valued. Conclusion In challenging weather conditions, parents of young children may experience cycling as cumbersome but desirable, and bike access could increase the feasibility of daily cycling.

• Mildestvedt, Thomas; Hovland, Olav Johannes; Berntsen, Sveinung; Bere, Elling Tufte & Fegran, Liv (2020). Getting Physically Active by E-Bike : An Active Commuting Intervention Study. Physical Activity and Health (PAAH). 4(1), p. 120–129. doi: 10.5334/paah.63/. Full text in Research Archive
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Nordheim, Oda; Bere, Elling Tufte; Stornes, Per Gunnar & Eikemo, Terje Andreas (2020). Fruit and vegetable consumption in Europe according to gender, educational attainment and regional affiliation — A cross-sectional study in 21 European countries. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 15(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232521. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Objective The purpose of the present study was to examine fruit and vegetable consumption according to gender, educational attainment and regional affiliation in Europe. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting 21 European countries. Participants 37 672 adults participating in the 7th round of the European Social Survey. Main outcome measures Fruit and vegetable consumption was measured using two single frequency questions. Responses were dichotomized into low (<once a day) and high (≥once a day) consumption. The association between consumption of fruit and vegetables and gender, educational level, regional affiliation was examined using logistic regression analyses. Results Overall, females showed increased odds of consuming fruit (OR 1.71 (95%CI:1.62, 1.79) and vegetable (1.59 (1.51, 1.67)) compared to males and high educated participants showed increased odds of consuming fruit (1.53 (1.43, 1.63)) and vegetables (1.86 (1.74, 2.00)) compared to low educated participants. Our results also showed that participants living in Eastern Europe had the lowest odds of consuming fruit and vegetables, whereas participants from Southern- and Northern Europe had the highest odds of consuming fruit and vegetables, respectively. Results from interaction analyses confirmed the positive association between fruit and vegetable consumption and educational level, although for some European regions, decreased odds of fruit and vegetables was observed among medium educated participants compared to those with low education. Conclusions Overall, the present study showed that being female and having a high education were associated with increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. However, the direction and strength of these relationships depends on regional affiliations.

• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Bere, Elling Tufte & Stea, Tonje Holte (2019). Time trends (1995-2008) in dietary habits among adolescents in relation to The Norwegian School Fruit Scheme: The HUNT study. Nutrition Journal. ISSN 1475-2891. 18(77). doi: 10.1186/s12937-019-0501-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Stea, Tonje Holte; Magnus, Per; Krokstad, Steinar; Samdal, Oddrun & Bere, Elling Tufte (2019). How to evaluate the effect of seven years of The Norwegian School Fruit Scheme (2007-14) on fruit, vegetables, snacks consumption and weight status- A natural experiment. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 49, p. 347–357. doi: 10.1177/1403494819875923. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørkkjær, Tormod & Bere, Elling Tufte (2019). Strategier i skolen for helsefremmende kosthold hos barn og unge. In Holthe, Asle; Aadland, Eli Kristin & Viig, Nina Grieg (Ed.), Mat og helse i grunnskolelærerutdanningene. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245032901. p. 129–142. Show summary

  Den vitenskapelige antologien "Mat og helse i lærerutdanningene" har et tydelig profesjonsrettet perspektiv og dreier seg om lærerutdanningsfagets hva, hvordan og hvorfor. Bidragene i antologien presenterer ny forskning med en tydelig fagdidaktisk innretning innenfor følgende tematiske områder: danning og didaktiske praksiser i skolens matlandskap, helsefremmende kosthold, bærekraftige matvaner og forbruk og mat og måltider som identitets- og kulturuttrykk. Boken henvender seg til lærerutdannere og masterstudenter i lærerutdanningene.

• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; te Velde, Saskia J.; Fyhri, Aslak; Deforche, Benedicte & Andersen, Lars Bo [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). From cars to bikes - the effect of an intervention providing access to different bike types: A randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 14(7), p. 1–17. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219304. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Introduction We aimed to investigate whether providing parents with children in kindergarten with access to different bicycle types could influence (i) travel behavior and cycling amount, and (ii) intrinsic motivation for cycling and psychological constructs related to car use. Methods A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Southern Norway from September 2017 to June 2018. In total 36 parents were recruited and randomly drawn into an intervention (n = 18) or control group (n = 18). The intervention group was in random order equipped with an e-bike with trailer (n = 6), a cargo (longtail) bike (n = 6) and a traditional bike with trailer (n = 6). Results At follow-up, more participants from the intervention group (vs. the control group) were classified as cyclists to the workplace (n = 7 (38.9%) vs. n = 1 (5.9%), p = 0.04), but not to the kindergarten (n = 6 (33.3%) vs. n = 2 (11.8%), p = 0.23) or to the grocery store (n = 2 (11.1%) vs. n = 0 (0%), p = 0.49). A significant (p = ≤0.05) increase in cycling frequency (0.1 to 2.0 days/week) from baseline to follow-up was found in the intervention group for all destinations and seasons, except to the grocery store during winter (p = 0.16). A decrease in frequency of car driving (-0.2 to -1.7 days/week) was found to be apparent in terms of travelling to the workplace and the kindergarten for all seasons, yet not to the grocery store for any season (p = 0.15–0.49). The intervention group (vs. the control group) reported significantly higher “intrinsic regulation” for cycling (p = 0.01) at follow-up. Conclusion Access to different bike types for parents with children attending kindergarten resulted in overall increased cycling, decreased car use and higher intrinsic motivation for cycling. E-bikes obtained the greatest cycling amount in total, with the smallest sample variability. Hence, providing parents with children in kindergarten with access to e-bikes might result in increased and sustained cycling, also during the winter season.

• Jahre, Anette Botnmark; Bere, Elling Tufte; Nordengen, Solveig; Solbraa, Ane Kristiansen; Andersen, Lars Bo & Riiser, Amund [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2019). Public employees in South-Western Norway using an e-bike or a regular bike for commuting – A cross-sectional comparison on sociodemographic factors, commuting frequency and commuting distance. Preventive Medicine Reports. ISSN 2211-3355. 14. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100881. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Large-scale analyses on the travel behavior of e-bikes are scarce, and current knowledge regarding who the e-bike owners are is inconsistent. Also, commuters represent a relevant user group with an unexploited potential. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine (i) associations between type of bike (e-bike vs. regular bike) with place of residence (county), sociodemographic variables (age, sex, educational level, income and ethnicity) and habitual physical activity level, and (ii) if public employees possessing an e-bike cycle more often and longer distances to work. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017 among 1977 (5.2% of eligible subjects) public employees in Southern and Western Norway. Binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Respondents possessing an e-bike were less likely to perform high levels of leisure time physical activity (OR 0.56 (CI 0.39-0.82)), compared to those possessing a regular bike only. For those residing in Agder, the likelihood of possessing an e-bike (vs. regular bike) was almost 4 times higher (OR 3.98 (CI 2.53-6.26)), compared with participants residing in Sogn og Fjordane. Compared with those possessing a regular bike only, e-bike users cycled more frequently to work, both occasionally (OR 3.71 (CI 2.44-5.65)) and most of the time (OR 4.28 (CI 2.79-6.55)), and they had higher odds of cycling medium distances to the workplace (OR 1.74 (CI 1.04-2.90)). In conclusion, e-bike access could result in increased commuter cycling, both in terms of cycling frequency and cycling distance, which in turn could contribute to enhanced physical activity levels.

• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Stea, Tonje Holte; Twisk, Jos; te Velde, Saskia J.; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling Tufte (2019). Tracking of fruit, vegetables and unhealthy snacks consumption from childhood to adulthood (15 year period): does exposure to a free school fruit programme modify the observed tracking? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. ISSN 1479-5868. 16(22). doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0783-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvrebø, Bente; Stea, Tonje Holte; te Velde, Saskia J.; Bjelland, Mona; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling Tufte (2019). A comprehensive multicomponent school-based educational intervention did not affect fruit and vegetable intake at the 14-year follow-up. Preventive Medicine. ISSN 0091-7435. 121, p. 79–85. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.015. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Bere, Elling Tufte (2018). Healthy and sustainable diet and physical activity: the rationale for and experiences from developing a combined summary score. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1177/1403494818785056.
• Lobben, Stian Ellingsen; Malnes, Lena; Berntsen, Sveinung; Tjelta, Leif Inge; Bere, Elling Tufte & Kristoffersen, Morten [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Bicycle usage and cardiorespiratory fitness among inactive adults provided with electrically assisted bicycles. Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis. ISSN 1406-9822. 24, p. 60–73. doi: 10.12697/akut.2018.24.05.
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Rønnestad, Jannike Berggren; Rennestraum, Kjersti Hovland; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård & Klepp, Knut Inge [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Effects of 1 y of free school fruit on intake of fruits, vegetables, and unhealthy snacks: 14 y later. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ISSN 0002-9165. 108. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy243. Full text in Research Archive
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Tveter, Eline Tønnesson; te Velde, Saskia J.; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling Tufte (2018). The effect of an extra piece of fruit or vegetables at school on weight status in two generations - 14 years follow-up of the Fruit and Vegetables Makes the Marks study. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 13:e0205498(10). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205498. Full text in Research Archive
• Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Bere, Elling Tufte; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Vistad, Ingvild; Lohne-Seiler, Hilde & Torstveit, Monica Klungland [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2018). Pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy dietary behavior in relation to maternal and newborn health in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study - a post hoc observational analysis. Food & Nutrition Research (FNR). ISSN 1654-6628. 62. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1273. Full text in Research Archive
• Skreden, Marianne; Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Wills, Andrew K.; Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Bere, Elling & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (2018). Adherence to the New Nordic Diet during pregnancy and subsequent maternal weight development: A study conducted in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). British Journal of Nutrition. ISSN 0007-1145. 119(11), p. 1286–1294. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518000776.
• Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Seland, Siv; Bere, Elling; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Lohne-Seiler, Hilde [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). Preeclampsia and gestational weight gain in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery trial. BMC Research Notes. ISSN 1756-0500. 11(282). doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3396-4. Full text in Research Archive
• Bolt-Evensen, Kathrine; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Stea, Tonje Holte; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling (2018). Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages from childhood to adulthood in relation to socioeconomic status - 15 years follow-up in Norway. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. ISSN 1479-5868. 15:8, p. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12966-018-0646-8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  BACKGROUND: In Norway, social inequalities in health and health-related behaviors have been reported despite the well-developed welfare state. The objective of the present study was to analyze; (i) the development in frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) from childhood to adulthood; (ii) socioeconomic inequalities in the consumption of SSB and ASB using different indicators of socioeconomic status (SES); (iii) time trends in potential disparities in SSB and ASB consumption among different socioeconomic groups to assess the development in socioeconomic inequality from childhood to adulthood. METHODS: This study uses data from the Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks (FVMM) longitudinal cohort, including participants (n = 437) from 20 random schools from two Norwegian counties. Data from the first survey in 2001 (mean age 11.8) and follow-up surveys in 2005 (mean age 15.5) and 2016 (mean age 26.5) were used. Consumption of SSB and ASB were measured using a food frequency questionnaire, which the participants completed at school in 2001 and 2005, and online in 2016. Various indicators of SES were included; in 2001, parental education and income were measured, in 2005, participants' educational intentions in adolescence were measured, and in 2016, participants' own education and income were measured. The main analyses conducted were linear mixed effects analysis of the repeated measures. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2016, a decrease in frequency of consumption of SSB (2.8 v 1.3 times/week; p = < 0.001) and an increase in frequency of consumption of ASB (1.1 v 1.6 times/week; p = 0.002) were observed. Participants with a higher educational level in adulthood and higher educational intentions in adolescence had a significantly lower frequency of consumption of SSB at all time points (2001, 2005 and 2016). No significant widening (or narrowing) of inequalities were observed from childhood to adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in consumption of SSB and an increase in consumption of ASB from childhood to adulthood were found. Participants with high SES consumed in general less SSB (but not ASB), however, results varied depending on SES indicator used. The established inequalities persisted from childhood to adulthood.

• Johannessen, Berit; Helland, Sissel Heidi; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Fegran, Liv & Bere, Elling (2018). "A bumpy road": Kindergarten staff experiences of participation in an intervention to promote healthy diets in toddlers. Appetite. ISSN 0195-6663. 127, p. 37–43. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.008.
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; Te Velde, Saskia J.; Fegran, Liv; Fyhri, Aslak & Deforche, Benedicte [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). From cars to bikes – the feasibility and effect of using e-bikes, longtail bikes and traditional bikes for transportation among parents of children attending kindergarten: design of a randomized cross-over trial. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4995-z.
• Verloigne, Maïté; Ridgers, Nicola D.; Chinapaw, Mai; Altenburg, Teatske M.; Bere, Elling & Van Lippevelde, Wendy [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2017). Patterns of objectively measured sedentary time in 10- to 12-year-old Belgian children: An observational study within the ENERGYproject. BMC Pediatrics. ISSN 1471-2431. 17(1). doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0894-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; te Velde, Saskia J.; Fegran, Liv; Fyhri, Aslak & Deforche, Benedicte [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). From cars to bikes – the feasibility and effect of using e-bikes, longtail bikes and traditional bikes for transportation among parents of children attending kindergarten: design of a randomized cross-over trial. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 17. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4995-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background The present study aims to increase bicycling and level of physical activity (PA), and thereby promote health in parents of toddlers, by giving access to different bicycle types. There is a need for greater understanding of e-bikes and their role in the transportation network, and further effects on PA levels and health. Moreover, longtail bikes could meet certain practical needs not fulfilled by e-bikes or traditional bikes, hence increased knowledge regarding their feasibility should be obtained. No previous studies have investigated whether providing an e-bike or a longtail bike over an extended period in a sample of parents of toddlers influence objectively assessed amount of bicycling and total PA level, transportation habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and blood pressure. Methods A randomized cross-over trial will be performed, entailing that participants in the intervention group (n = 18) complete the following intervention arms in random order: (i) three months access to an e-bicycle with trailer for child transportation (n = 6), (ii) three months access to a longtail bicycle (n = 6), and (iii) three months access to a regular bicycle with trailer (n = 6), in total nine months. Also, a control group (n = 18) maintaining usual transportation and PA habits will be included. A convenience sample consisting of 36 parents of toddlers residing in Kristiansand municipality, Southern Norway, will be recruited. Total amount of bicycling (distance and time), total level of PA, and transportation habits will be measured at baseline and in connection to each intervention arm. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and blood pressure will be measured at baseline and post-intervention. Main outcome will be bicycling distance and time spent cycling. Discussion New knowledge relevant for the timely issues of public health and environmental sustainability will be provided among parents of toddlers, representing a target group of greatest importance. There is a call for research on the influence of e-bikes and longtail bikes on travel behavior and PA levels, and whether voluntary cycling could improve health. If the present study reveals promising results, it should be replicated in larger and more representative samples. Eventually, inclusion in national public health policies should be considered.

• Illøkken, Kristine Engebretsen; Bere, Elling; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Høiland, Renate; Petersson, Kirsten Helene Olstad & Vik, Frøydis Nordgård (2017). Intervention study on school meal habits in Norwegian 10-12-year-old children. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. 45(5), p. 485–491. doi: 10.1177/1403494817704108.
• te Velde, Saskia J.; Haraldsen, Eli; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse; Jan, Nataša & Kovacs, Eva [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2017). Associations of commuting to school and work with demographic variables and with weight status in eight European countries: The ENERGY-cross sectional study. Preventive Medicine. ISSN 0091-7435. 99, p. 305–312. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.03.005. Full text in Research Archive

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• Bere, Elling Tufte; Zinöcker, Marit; Berg, Siv Hilde & Dankel, Simon N (2024). NNR – subjektive meninger trumfer vitenskapelig evidens. [Kommentar]. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Ekspertgruppe bidro til nye kostråd. Nå kjenner flere av dem ikke igjen rådene: – Jeg vil ikke ha navnet mitt på dette. [Newspaper]. aftenposten.no.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Intervju om ultraprosessert mat og kostråd. [Radio]. Nrk.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Halvparten av all maten vi spiser er ultraprosessert. Hvor farlig er det? [Newspaper]. DN.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Do ultra-processed foods fit in a sustainable future? [Radio]. Nordic Foodology.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Big effort needed on UK diet to fight ultra-processed food, say health experts. [Newspaper]. The Guardian.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Sustainable physical activity.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Nye kostråd; Kapittel om ultraprosessert mat.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Utkast til nye kostråd burde advart om sammenhengen mellom uhelse og ultra¬prosessert mat. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Kostrådene lider av nutrisjonisme. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
• Skalicka, Vera; Stavnsbo, Mette; Bere, Elling Tufte & Wichstrøm, Lars (2023). Socioeconomic, parental and child predictors of child sports participation from Age 6 to Age 14. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model.
• Zinöcker, Marit; Dankel, Simon Erling Nitter; Berg, Siv Hilde & Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). De nye kostrådene har metodiske mangler. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0758.
• Pedersen, Ingeborg; Moe, Ellinor; Ihlebæk, Camilla; Nordbø, Emma Charlott Andersson; Amundsen, Guro Vollan & Bere, Elling Tufte [Show all 11 contributors for this article] (2023). Samskaping - er det egentlig mulig?
• Dankel, Simon N; Molin, Marianne & Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Ultraprosessert mat burde være et kostråd: JA. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. 21(3), p. 31–37. doi: 10.18261/ntfe.21.3.8. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nøkkelpunkter • Det er konsistente, sterke sammenhenger mellom høyt inntak av UPF og en rekke livsstilssykdommer. • Det er uhelse igjen i UPF etter at sukker, salt, fett, fiber og andre kostholdsmønstre er justert bort. • Det at enkelte «sunne» matvarer har fått preg av industriell ultraprosessering bør pirre nysgjerrigheten og sette oss i føre-var modus, heller enn å avfeie UPF-klassifiseringen. • UPF er tydelig definert innenfor NOVA-klassifiseringen – NNR bruker mer utydelige begrep som «prosessert» eller «plantebasert». • Vi mener NNR-rapporten viser et reduksjonistisk syn på mat og helse – ordet evolusjon nevnes ikke ett eneste sted.

• Uldahl, Maria & Bere, Elling Tufte (2023). Lavinntektsfamilier i Norge må bruke en større andel av inntekten sin for å spise i tråd med kostrådene. Norsk tidsskrift for ernæring (NTFE). ISSN 1503-5034. doi: 10.18261/ntfe.21.1.5.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2022). Evaluering av EMO. Forskningsprosjektet Samskaping av aktive møteplasser.
• Ihlebæk, Camilla; Nordbø, Emma Charlott Andersson; Bere, Elling Tufte; Schipperijn, Jasper & Pawlowski, Charlotte (2022). Informasjonsfilm: Forskningsprosjektet "Samskaping av aktive møteplasser".
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2022). Du har en bratt bakke hjem fra jobb – hva gjør du? .
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2022). Du har en bratt bakke hjem fra jobb – hva gjør du? lokalavisen fedrelandsvennen.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2022). FHI-rapport: Tilbud om enkel varm skolemat er gjennomførbart. [Newspaper]. aftenposten.no.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2022). Ny rapport om skolemat: Det er mulig å servere enkel varmmat, men fast ordning vil kreve ekstra personale. [Business/trade/industry journal]. Forskning.no.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2022). Vær og (el)sykling. [TV]. Nrk.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2022). Skolemat og sosial ulikhet. [Radio]. Nrk.
• Blytt, Cornelia; Folkestad, Mia; Theofylaktopoulou, Despoina; Vildmyren, Iselin Thowsen; Kolve, Cathrine Solheim & Bere, Elling Tufte [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Students’ breakfast habits and socioeconomic status - A comparison of two high schools with a free breakfast meal.
• Øvrebø, Bente; Kjøllesdal, Marte Karoline Råberg; Stea, Tonje Holte; Wills, Andrew Keith; Bere, Elling Tufte & Suren, Pål [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Prevalence of overweight, obesity and central adiposity among children with immigrant background in Norway.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2021). Dette betyr de nye aktivitetsrådene for deg . Sunnmørsposten. ISSN 1503-9056.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2021). Dette betyr de nye aktivitetsrådene for deg . Adresseavisen. ISSN 0805-3804.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2021). Dette betyr de nye aktivitetsrådene for deg . Folkebladet.no.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2021). Dette betyr de nye aktivitetsrådene for deg. Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2020). Elektrisk rå kraft. [Newspaper]. Hallingdølen.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2020). Du blir sprek av å spinne på et treningssenter, men sykler du til jobb er du også med på å redde verden KRONIKK: Mer trim og trening er ikke bare positivt. Det innebærer også økte klimagassutslipp. Forskning.no. ISSN 1891-635X.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2020). Folk strømmer til treningsløypene: – Jeg har aldri opplevd maken. [Newspaper]. https://www.fvn.no/sport/i/3JOAg0/folk-stroemmer-til-trening.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2020). Hjemmehygge gir godteri-boom: – Folk er helt gale. [TV]. https://www.nrk.no/sorlandet/mer-hjemmetid-gir-godteri-boom-.
• Bere, Elling Tufte (2020). – Ja! Landbruket har bruk for mange av dem. [Newspaper]. https://www.fvn.no/nyheter/lokalt/i/AdMagq/ja-landbruket-har.
• Stenqvist, Thomas Birkedal & Bere, Elling Tufte (2020). How traditional Norwegian outdoor activities are changing; a 10 year follow up. ECSS Conference Proceedings. ISSN 2188-1154.
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; Te Velde, Saskia; Deforche, Benedicte; Fegran, Liv & Fyhri, Aslak [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). E-bikes for family transportation: Project From Cars to Bikes.
• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Bere, Elling Tufte & Stea, Tonje Holte (2019). Time trends (1995-2006) in dietary habits among Among adolescents in relation to the Norwegian School Fruit Scheme: The HUNT study .
• Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Valand, Ida Ulrikke; Bere, Elling Tufte; Vistad, Ingvild; Sagedal, Linda Reme & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (2019). Meals eaten with family in relation to dietary quality in 12-month-olds. A sub-study in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study.
• Meltzer, Helle Margrete & Bere, Elling Tufte (2019). Kosthold og bærekraft. In Engeset, Dagrun; Torheim, Liv Elin & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (Ed.), Samfunnsernæring. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215030630. p. 222–229.
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Berntsen, Sveinung; Te Velde, Saskia; Fegran, Liv; Fyhri, Aslak & Deforche, Benedicte [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2018). From cars to bikes – the feasibility and effect of using e-bikes, longtail bikes and traditional bikes for transportation among parents of children attending kindergarten.
• Bere, Elling Tufte & Eikemo, Terje Andreas (2017). Få tilbake skolefrukten! Blogg.forskning.no. Helsebloggen.
• Malnes, Lena; Bere, Elling Tufte & Berntsen, Sveinung (2017). Et mer aktivt og grønnere miljø med elsykkel. Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790.
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit & Bere, Elling (2017). Samfunnet sparer 26 kroner per km når vi sykler. Fædrelandsvennen. ISSN 0805-3790.
• Bjørnarå, Helga Birgit; Torstveit, Monica Klungland & Bere, Elling (2017). Fysisk aktivitet og vektreduksjon. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. ISSN 0029-2001. 137(11), p. 785–786. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0378.
• Bere, Elling & Bjørkkjær, Tormod (2017). Vi må halvere kjøttspisingen. Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847.
• Agnihotri, Neha; Øverby, Nina Cecilie; Bere, Elling; Wills, Andrew K; Haugen, Margaretha Alice & Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord (2017). Early nutrition and subsequent risk of overweight and obesity in 8-year old children – a MoBa cohort study.
• Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Bere, Elling & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (2017). Effect of a low-intensity diet intervention during pregnancy on dietary behavior in the randomized controlled Norwegian Fit for Delivery study. The Global Fruit & Veg Newsletter.
• Hillesund, Elisabet Rudjord; Bere, Elling; Sagedal, Linda Reme; Vistad, Ingvild & Øverby, Nina Cecilie (2017). Associations between dietary behavior and preterm birth in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study – interaction with offspring gender.
• Bolt-Evensen, Kathrine; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Stea, Tonje Holte; Klepp, Knut Inge & Bere, Elling (2017). Consumption of artificially sweetened beverages from childhood to adulthood.
• Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Bere, Elling Tufte; Selstø, Annlaug & Helleve, Arnfinn (2023). Effects of a free schoolmeals - a summary. Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8406-351-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Øvrebø, Bente; Bere, Elling Tufte & Stea, Tonje Holte (2022). Evaluations of school-based and fiscal efforts on diet-related behaviors and weight, emphasizing fruit, vegetables, candy, and soda. University of Agder. ISSN 9788284270647.
• Kolve, Cathrine Solheim; Helleve, Arnfinn & Bere, Elling Tufte (2022). Gratis skolemat i ungdomsskolen – nasjonal kartlegging av skolematordninger og utprøving av enkel modell med et varmt måltid . Folkehelseinstituttet. ISSN 978-82-8406-262-4. Full text in Research Archive

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