Dag Håkon Olsen

• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2024). The Triple Bottom Line Co-Creation Canvas. Procedia Computer Science. ISSN 1877-0509.
• Olsen, Dag Håkon & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2024). Conceptualizing Business Process Management Capabilities In Digitalization Contexts. Procedia Computer Science. ISSN 1877-0509.
• Verdal, Sondre & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2023). Digitalisering og prosessledelse i offentlig sektor: en studie av digitalisering i norske kommuner. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning. ISSN 1892-0713. 2023(2). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Nyere forskning viser at prosessledelse er viktig for å lykkes med digitalise-ring. Det er imidlertid begrenset kunnskap om hvor godt norske organisasjo-ner evner å bruke prosessledelse i sine digitaliseringssatsinger. Denne studien undersøker digitalisering i seks norske kommuner. Vi finner at man i liten grad arbeider med prosessledelse, og i liten grad evner å gjøre de nødvendige organisatoriske endringene for å oppnå målsettingene med satsingen. Mang-lende prosessforståelse, utydelig prosesseierskap og silo-strukturer hemmer evnen til å skape helhetlige løsninger.

• Ajer, Anne Kristin Sortehaug; Hustad, Eli; Olsen, Dag Håkon & Vasilakopoulou, Polyxeni (2023). Institutional Work for Enterprise Architecture. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. ISSN 1529-3181. 53, p. 278–298. doi: 10.17705/1CAIS.05311. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Enterprise architecture (EA) is a systematic approach used for designing and implementing changes in technological systems and processes to improve organizational performance and align technology with business. This paper unpacks the process through which EA moves from strategic-level endorsement to diffusion across organizations. The insights provided are based on a longitudinal case study within the Norwegian hospital sector. An institutional work lens is adopted to analyze the purposeful activities carried out to introduce EA in Norwegian hospitals providing a granular view on diffusion. The paper provides a rich description of the institutional work employed by the key actors involved mapping them to different turns in EA’s trajectory. Drawing from this analysis, we contribute to Information Systems literature with a conceptual model that illustrates how institutional work can mitigate the challenges of moving from the strategic-level endorsement of novelty to its diffusion and institutionalization smoothing downturns along the way. The findings indicate ways to facilitate the introduction of EA within complex organizations, providing insights for practitioners involved in EA initiatives, and advancing extant EA research through an institutional perspective.

• Gjerde, Tomas Grindheim; Lyngroth, Lars Olav & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2022). Implementering av digitale enheter – En casestudie av digitalisering i norske skoler. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning. ISSN 1892-0713.
• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2022). Deriving Design Principles for AI-Adaptive Learning Systems: Findings from Interviews with Experts. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 13454, p. 82–94. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_7. Full text in Research Archive
• Acilar, Ali; Olsen, Dag Håkon; Garmann-Johnsen, Niels Frederik & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2021). Factors Contributing to the Business Digital Divide: A Systematic Literature Review. In Pucihar, Andreja; Borstnar, M. Klajic; Bons, Roger; Cripps, Helen; Sheombar, Anand & Vidmar, Doroteja (Ed.), Bled 2021 Proceedings. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-961-286-485-9.
• Garmann-Johnsen, Niels Frederik; Olsen, Dag Håkon & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2021). The Co-creation Canvas. Procedia Computer Science. ISSN 1877-0509. 181, p. 189–197. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.120. Full text in Research Archive
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Garmann-Johnsen, Niels Frederik & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2021). Co-creation in networks of SMEs: a conceptual model of the co-creation process. Procedia Computer Science. ISSN 1877-0509. 181, p. 360–366. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.179. Full text in Research Archive
• Danielsen, Frank; Olsen, Dag Håkon & Framnes, Vetle Augustin (2021). Toward an Understanding of Big Data Analytics and Competitive Performance. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems (SJIS). ISSN 0905-0167. 33(1), p. 155–192.
• Ajer, Anne Kristin Sortehaug; Hustad, Eli; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2021). Strengthening the Use of Enterprise Architecture: an Institutional Work Perspective, Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) 2021. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-7336325-6-0. Show summary

  The organisational adoption and use of Enterprise Architecture (EA) are pursued by enterprises aiming to improve their digital services and overall performance by aligning IT with processes. Nevertheless, despite the increasing interest in EA, it is still not widely used. Prior research provides explanations of institutional elements enabling or inhibiting EA adoption and use but does not provide concrete suggestions on facilitating EA adoption. This paper suggests different types of institutional work that can strengthen the use of EA, addressing central challenges met by EA initiatives. Specifically, the paper presents evidence from a longitudinal case study on the introduction of EA in the hospital sector in Norway. We show how institutional work can mitigate the inherent challenges of EA initiatives and thereby speed-up and strengthen the use of EA in organisations.

• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2021). AI-enabled adaptive learning systems: A systematic mapping of the literature. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence (CAEAI). 2(2021), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Mobile internet, cloud computing, big data technologies, and significant breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have all transformed education. In recent years, there has been an emergence of more advanced AI-enabled learning systems, which are gaining traction due to their ability to deliver learning content and adapt to the individual needs of students. Yet, even though these contemporary learning systems are useful educational platforms that meet students’ needs, there is still a low number of implemented systems designed to address the concerns and problems faced by many students. Based on this perspective, a systematic mapping of the literature on AI-enabled adaptive learning systems was performed in this work. A total of 147 studies published between 2014 and 2020 were analysed. The major findings and contributions of this paper include the identification of the types of AI-enabled learning interventions used, a visualisation of the co-occurrences of authors associated with major research themes in AI-enabled learning systems and a review of common analytical methods and related techniques utilised in such learning systems. This mapping can serve as a guide for future studies on how to better design AI-enabled learning systems to solve specific learning problems and improve users’ learning experiences.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2021). Creating a sustainable digital infrastructure: The role of service-oriented architecture. Procedia Computer Science. ISSN 1877-0509. 181, p. 597–604. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.210. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The United Nations’ goal of generating sustainable industry, innovation, and infrastructure is the point of departure for our reflective paper. The paper elaborates on the concepts of digital infrastructure, service-oriented architecture, and microservices. It emphasizes the benefits and challenges of creating a sustainable infrastructure based on a service-oriented environment, in which cloud services constitute an important part. We outline the prerequisites for obtaining a sustainable digital infrastructure based on services. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) and recently, microservice architecture, and cloud services, can provide organizations with the improved agility and flexibility essential for generating sustainability in a market focusing on digitalization. The reuse capability of SOA provides a common pool of information technology (IT) resources and qualifies as a green IT approach that impacts environmental protection. Previous research has identified IT and business alignment together with SOA governance as the most critical criteria when implementing SOA. This paper discusses these issues in-depth to explain sustainability.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Digital Infrastructure for Sustainability: Benefits and Challenges of a Service-Oriented Environment. Society for Design and Process Science. ISSN 1090-9389.
• Olsen, Dag Håkon; Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Aspø, Kristian Flygel & Sajets, Elaine Christabel Nillama (2020). Co-creation for Digitalization : A Study of Co-creation in Norwegian Business Clusters. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12066, p. 126–137. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-44999-5_11.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Towards a process theory of is business value co-creation. Insights from enterprise systems adoption in an SME cluster. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems (SJIS). ISSN 0905-0167. 32(2), p. 1–35.
• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Learning Environments in the 21st Century: A Mapping of the Literature. In Sharma, Sujeet; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Metri, Bhimaraya & Rana, Nripendra P. (Ed.), Re-imagining Diffusion and Adoption of Information Technology and Systems: A Continuing Conversation. IFIP WG 8.6 International Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT, TDIT 2020, Tiruchirappalli, India, December 18–19, 2020, Proceedings, Part I. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-64849-7. p. 67–76. Show summary

  Education has been transformed by significant breakthroughs in AI, mobile internet, cloud computing and Big Data technologies. More personalized educational settings are developed by increasingly integrating contemporary learning environments with new technologies. However, few examples of executed AI enabled learning interventions have been identified. Therefore, a mapping of literature on AI enabled learning systems was done. 121 studies published in the last five years were analyzed. This paper presents a discussion regarding on what mainly AI enabled contemporary learning environments are designed to achieve. The major contribution of the study is bringing awareness to researchers and system developers on the purposes of AI enabled contemporary learning environments. This review will act as a guide for future studies on how to better design AI enabled learning environments.

• Kabudi, Tumaini; Pappas, Ilias & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Systematic Literature Mapping on AI-enabled Contemporary Learning Systems. In Anderson, Bonnie; Thatcher, Jason; Meservy, Rayman; Chudoba, Kathy; Fadel, Kelly & Brown, Sue (Ed.), 26th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2020. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-1-7336325-4-6.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Robotic Process Automation and Consequences for Knowledge Workers; a Mixed-Method Study. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 12066 LNCS, p. 114–125. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-44999-5_10.
• Ajer, Anne Kristin Sortehaug & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Enterprise Architecture Implementation Is a Bumpy Ride: A Case Study in the Norwegian Public Sector. Electronic Journal of e-Government. ISSN 1479-439X. 17(2), p. 79–94. doi: 10.34190/EJEG.17.2.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Enterprise architecture (EA) is a widespread approach for the development of new digital solutions in a planned and controlled way for large and complex organisations. EA is also viewed as a prerequisite for the digitalisation of the public sector. However, public sector organisations struggle to implement EA programmes, and research has demonstrated that organisational and managerial issues are critical obstacles to EA implementation. This study aims to increase our understanding of EA implementation in the public sector by investigating the central challenges for EA initiatives and to trace the progress of current EA initiatives in the Norwegian public sector. An additional goal is to disclose some ways to improve the situation. We conducted three interpretive case studies in the hospital, higher education, and labour and welfare sectors. We have identified 28 challenges to the EA initiatives. We find that organisational and technical complexities, as well as a limited understanding of EA and lack of formal EA governance mechanisms, are significant obstacles. Among others, the lack of understanding of EA and its methodology will lead to problems with anchoring the EA approach in the organisation and facilitating the necessary EA arrangements to induce the promised benefits of EA, which are necessary requirements to establish the EA initiative’s legitimacy and foster the organisation’s willingness to implement change. Our study provides four lessons learned for planning and implementing EA initiatives, as follows: #1. It is advisable to take small steps. #2. The use of external consultants should be carefully considered. #3. Formal architectural governance mechanisms are important for legitimacy and enforced use. #4. Executive commitment and understanding of EA are crucial for achieving a sustainable EA initiative. Finally, we find a common evolution of the EA initiatives through the phases of optimism, resistance, decline and finally, reconsolidation of the most persistent ones.

• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2019). ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION FOR KNOWLEDGE WORKERS – WILL IT LEAD TO EMPOWERMENT OR LAY-OFFS? NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISSN 1892-0748. 27(1).
• Hustad, Eli; Olsen, Dag Håkon; Jørgensen, Emeli Høvik & Sørheller, Vegard Uri (2019). Creating Business Value from Cloud-Based ERP Systems in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS). ISSN 0302-9743. 11701 LNCS, p. 691–703. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-29374-1_56.
• Ajer, Anne Kristin Sortehaug & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2018). Enterprise Architecture Challenges: A Case Study of three Norwegian Public Sectors. In Bednar, P; Frank, Ulrich & Kautz, Karlheinz (Ed.), European Conference on Information Systems: Beyond Digitization - Facets of Socio-Technical Change ECIS 2018 Proceedings. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9781861376671.
• Llave, Marilex Rea & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2018). Drivers of Business Intelligence-based Value Creation: The Experts’ View. In Kourouthanassis, Panos; Markopoulos, Panos; Pateli, Adamantia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Pucihar, Andreja & Vieira da Cunha, João (Ed.), Digital and social transformation for a better society - Proceedings of the Twelfth Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS 2018) . Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-960-7260-61-1.
• Llave, Marilex Rea; Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2018). Creating value from business intelligence and analytics in SMEs: Insights from experts. In Ukjent, Person (Eds.), AMCIS 2018 Proceedings. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-0-9966831-6-6. Show summary

  This paper reports from an exploratory study that examines utilization of Business Intelligence and Analytics (BI&A) in Small-and-Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). In total, 24 semi-structured interviews of BI&A experts were conducted. The experts highlighted several critical issues that SMEs should consider: (1) to “start Small, think Big” was emphasized as an appropriate BI&A investment strategy for SMEs to obtain value in terms of both “quick wins” and long-term assets and impacts, (2) to consider BI&A investment without implementing a traditional data warehouse, and (3) to consider the automated data warehouse approach. In addition, the experts underscored to pay more attention to data governance. A recognized value framework from the literature was applied as an analytical lens to interpret the findings. We suggest modification of this framework to make it less “waterfall” oriented and more iterative and agile to create value from BI&A in SMEs. Future research should assess SMEs’ readiness and capabilities for BI&A. In addition, we need to understand the exclusive needs for decision-making in SMEs across industries

• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Lind, Emma & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2018). Digital transformation in small and micro-sized firms; a case study of a performing arts cluster. NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISSN 1892-0748. 26(1).
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Lind, Emma & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2018). Co-creation of IT-value in a cluster of small enterprises. Procedia Computer Science. ISSN 1877-0509. 138, p. 492–499. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.068. Full text in Research Archive
• Mikalef, Patrick; Framnes, Vetle Augustin; Danielsen, Frank; Krogstie, John & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2017). Big Data Analytics Capability: Antecedents and Business Value. In Alinda, Rose & Ling, Pan Shan (Ed.), Proceedings of the 21th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 9789860491029.
• Olsen, Dag Håkon (2017). Enterprise Architecture management challenges in the Norwegian health sector. Procedia Computer Science. ISSN 1877-0509. 121, p. 637–645. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.084.
• Olsen, Dag Håkon; Lauvrak, Sondre & Michaelsen, Vetle (2017). BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES IN ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE NORWEGIAN LABOUR AND WELFARE ADMINISTRATION. NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISSN 1892-0748. 25(1).
• El-Gazzar, Rania ; Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2017). An institutional lens on cloud computing adoption: A study of institutional factors and adoption strategies. In Ramos, Isabel; Tuunainen, Virpi & Krcmar, Helmut (Ed.), Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2017). Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-3-00-050284-2. p. 2477–2492.
• Hustad, Eli; Olsen, Dag Håkon & Løken, Sindre Dahl (2017). Implementing Service-oriented Architecture: A study of IT & business alignment and SOA governance. In Arnold, Vicky; Stefanou, Constantinos J. & Sutton, Steve G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics (14th ICESAL 2017). International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics. ISSN 978-960-287-155-3. p. 11–27.
• Nygård, Martin & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2016). Enterprise architecture implementation challenges: an exploratory study of the norwegian health sector. NOKOBIT: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi. ISSN 1892-0748. 24(1). Full text in Research Archive
• Olsen, Dag Håkon & Trelsgård, Kjersti (2016). Enterprise Architecture adoption challenges: An exploratory case study of the Norwegian higher education sector. Procedia Computer Science. ISSN 1877-0509. 100, p. 804–811. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.228. Full text in Research Archive
• Elgazzar, Rania Fahim H.I.; Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2016). Understanding cloud computing adoption issues: A Delphi study approach. Journal of Systems and Software. ISSN 0164-1212. 118, p. 64–84. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.04.061. Show summary

  This research paper reports on a Delphi study focusing on the most important issues enterprises are confronted with when making cloud computing (CC) adoption decisions. We had 34 experts from different domain backgrounds participated in a Delphi panel. The panelists were IT and CC specialists representing a heterogeneous group of clients, providers and academics, divided into three subpanels. The Delphi procedure comprised three stages: brainstorming, narrowing down and ranking. The panelists identified 55 issues of concerns in the first stage, which were analyzed and grouped into 10 categories: security, strategy, legal and ethical, IT governance, migration, culture, business, awareness, availability and impact. The top 18 issues for each subpanel were ranked, and a moderate intrapanel consensus was obtained. Additionally, 16 follow-up interviews were conducted with the experts to get a deeper understanding of the issues and why certain issues were more significant than others. The findings indicate that security, strategy and legal and ethical issues are the most important. The discussion resulted in highlighting certain inhibitors and drivers for CC adoption into a framework. The paper is concluded with key recommendations with focus on change management, competence and maturity to inform decision-makers in CC adoption decisions.

• Anaya, Luay; Olsen, Dag Håkon & Flak, Leif Skiftenes (2015). START-UP COMPANY? GET YOUR ERP SYSTEM ASAP!”. In Lambrinoudakis, Kostantinos; Morabito, Vincenzo & Themistocleous, Marinos (Ed.), Proceedings of the 12th European, Mediterranean & Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems. University of Pireus og Brunel University. ISSN 978-960-6897-08-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Ifinedo, Princely & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2015). An Empirical Research on the Impacts of organisational decisions locus, tasks structure rules, knowledge, and IT function's value on ERP system success. International Journal of Production Research. ISSN 0020-7543. 53(8), p. 2554–2568. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2014.991047. Full text in Research Archive
• Zach, Ondrej; Munkvold, Bjørn Erik & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2014). ERP system implementation in SMEs: exploring the influences of the SME context. Enterprise Information Systems. ISSN 1751-7575. 8(2), p. 309–335. doi: 10.1080/17517575.2012.702358. Show summary

  Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Compared to large enterprises, SMEs differ in a number of inherent characteristics, which are likely to impact the ERP system implementations. The purpose of this study is to explore these influences of the SME context on the ERP system implementation process. SME characteristics are synthesised from relevant literature and the influences of the contextual factors on various activities across the ERP life cycle are investigated. The study presents findings from a multiple case study of four SMEs. The ownership type of the companies and limited resources were identified as the most influential contextual factors. Among the ERP life-cycle phases, the implementation phase was affected most by the SME context. The case studies also illustrate the need for a more nuanced view on what should be considered general characteristics of SMEs; for example, regarding the level of IS knowledge, business processes, and market characteristics.

• Anaya, Luay & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2014). Implementing ERP in a Challenging Environment: The Case of a Palestinian Telecom Company. In Devos, Jan & de Haes, Steven (Ed.), 8th European Conference on IS Management and Evaluation. Academic Conferences International (ACI). ISSN 9781910309414. p. 289–297.
• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2014). Interaction of Critical Success Factors in ERP Implementation: A case study of a Norwegian SME. In Arnold, Vicky; Stefanou, Constantinos J. & Sutton, Steve G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics (11th ICESAL 2014). International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics. ISSN 978-960-287-146-1. p. 153–169.
• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2014). Educating reflective Enterprise Systems practitioners: a design research study of the iterative building of a teaching framework. Information Systems Journal. ISSN 1350-1917. 24(5), p. 445–473. doi: 10.1111/isj.12032. Show summary

  This research paper reports on the iterative design of a teaching framework developed for teaching Enterprise Systems (ES) classes for Information Systems (IS) graduates. These systems embed technical complexity and create organizational challenges when implemented in organizations. Therefore, teaching good ES classes is pedagogically challenging for faculty, and ES curricula are difficult for students. We have gradually designed and rebuilt curricula and teaching frameworks over 8 years. This has also resulted in a set of eight design principles. We report from our design and evaluation process and present our final artefact, the teaching framework. The aim is to educate reflective practitioners with multiple ES skills, enabling them to tackle the complexities of ES implementation contexts. The framework has implications for IS educational research and practice and has some generic values that are transferable to other academic institutions and adaptable to other IS learning environments. Further, the study contributes to IS design research by extending its application area. The ES teaching framework is a specific contribution to IS teaching frameworks as a class of problems.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2014). ERP Implementation in SME: A Failure Case. In Devos, Jan; van Landeghem, Hendrik & Deschoolmeester, Dirk (Ed.), Information Systems for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, State of the Art of IS Research in SMEs. Springer. ISSN 9783642382437. p. 213–228. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38244-4_11. Show summary

  This study examines a failed enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation in a small-and-medium-sized enterprise (SME). The improper handling of critical success factors (CSFs), particularly those relating to support from top management, project management, and the use of consultants, led to severe problems. This placed stress on the organization, caused employees to leave the company, workarounds, and led to serious errors in the systems and a significant cost overrun. This case study contributes to the literature on ERP implementation in SMEs. In particular, it contributes to our understanding of the socio-technical dynamics of ERP implementation projects. Failed ERP cases are little documented in the Information Systems (IS) research literature and can yield insight into the complexity of ERP implementation projects and further our understanding of what may take place if CSFs are not handled properly.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2013). ERP Post-Implementation: A Study of a Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprise. In Cruz-Cunha, Maria Manuela; Varajão, Joao & Trigo, Antonio (Ed.), Sociotechnical Enterprise Information Systems Design and Integration. IGI Global. ISSN 9781466636644. p. 72–85. doi: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3664-4.ch005. Show summary

  This exploratory study focuses on ERP post-implementation issues in Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). The authors conducted a case study in a small Norwegian retail company, which experienced a performance dip that lasted longer than expected. The case demonstrates how overwhelming the ERP competence requirements can be for an SME. Errors in the configuration of the ERP system and improper training led to frequent workarounds. The workarounds, in turn, led to significant problems and many errors in the database. This led to a general level of frustration with the system and a high stress level in the company. This study has implications for SMEs planning to implement ERP systems.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2013). Critical Issues across the ERP Life Cycle in Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprises: Experiences from a Multiple Case Study. In Cruz-Cunha, Maria Manuela; Varajão, Joao; Krcmar, Helmut & Martinho, Ricardo (Ed.), CENTERIS 2013 - Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems / ProjMAN 2013 - International Conference on Project MANagement/ HCIST 2013 - International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies. Elsevier. ISSN 978-989-97433-2-8. p. 179–188. doi: 10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.020. Show summary

  The paper reports on a multiple case study conducted in five Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). These companies have implemented ERP systems and the focus is on the critical issues, activities and key actors across different stages of the ERP life cycle in these enterprises. SMEs have less resources and competencies about complex ERP systems compared to larger companies. Thus ERP projects have proved to be risky and costly for SMEs. SMEs can easily be an easy prey for experienced vendors and consultants and end up with a system far from what they expected.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2012). Adoption of Cloud Computing: A Study of Enablers and Inhibitors in a Norwegian Context. In Arnold, Vicky; Stefanou, Constantinos J. & Sutton, Steve G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics (ICESAL 2012). International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics. ISSN 978-960-287-138-6. p. 203–217. Show summary

  The purpose of this research is to investigate enablers and inhibitors for adopting Cloud computing services in Norway. Through an exploratory small N-study we collected data from sixteen organizations. The interviewees belonged to three different groups; experts from consultancy and vendors, user organizations, and public sector comprising municipalities and governmental institutions. Experts highlight cost saving, scalability, and elasticity as important benefits which makes Cloud computing attractive. However, findings demonstrated a general skepticism to move business critical system such as ERP systems or other enterprise systems into the Cloud. In addition, security and legal issues, quality of services and providers, and technical challenges such as creation of single-signon and integration across the Cloud, were pointed to as the main inhibitors for adoption. User organizations have little competency on Cloud computing, and the adoption rate will probably increase when the companies gain more experiences and knowledge about the technology. In addition, cost issues were less important than security and quality offered by the Cloud providers. Security issues, legal factors and integration opportunities need to be clarified more before the Norwegian companies will adopt Cloud computing services on a large scale. The adoption of Cloud computing in public sector is still slow; however, a forum of the ten largest municipalities is working with ICT strategies that likely will speed up the creation of a private public Cloud in Norway. The study will serve as input for subsequent extensive study of Cloud computing adoption, and the results provide propositions to be addressed in the extensive study.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2012). The Dynamics of Critical Success Factors in ERP implementation: An SME Failure Case. In Arnold, Vicky; Stefanou, Constantinos J. & Sutton, Steve G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics (ICESAL 2012). International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics. ISSN 978-960-287-138-6. p. 188–202. Show summary

  This study examines the dynamics of critical success factors in an ERP implementation in a Small-and-Medium-Sized enterprise (SME). We discuss how the improper handling of key success factors led to a chain of negative events. We learned that the inappropriate handling of key Critical Success Factors (CSF), in particular top management support, project management and use of consultants, had severe repercussions in the implementation project. This again led to stress on the organization in terms of employees leaving the company, workarounds, and serious errors in the systems, and significant cost overrun. This case study contributes to the literature on ERP implementation in SMEs. In particular it contributes to our understanding of the socio-technical dynamics of ERP implementation projects. Failure cases are little documented in the IS research literature. Such cases can yield important insight into the complexity of ERP implementation projects and further our understanding of what may take place if Critical Success Factors (CSF) are not handled properly.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2012). ERP systems in knowledge-intensive companies: An illustrative case study of a publisher, ECKM 2012 - 13th European Conference on Knowledge Management. Academic Publishing International. ISSN 978-1-908272-64-5. p. 476–484. Show summary

  The implementation of ERP may create new routines and roles for employees, including extensive training and preparation for changes. In many ways, ERP systems structure and discipline the organization, providing increased control for management and fewer dynamics for employees. Thus, it can be challenging and risky to implement an ERP system in a knowledge-intensive organization, where innovation and creativity are essential. Knowledge workers are autonomous workers and require flexibility in their work routines. This study focuses on how ERP implementation in a knowledge-intensive business is accomplished and identifies critical elements in this process. A case study was conducted in a publishing house, where editors are among the knowledge workers. The findings demonstrated changes in the organization, which became more static after the implementation because of cemented processes and the fact that there was less flexibility. This caused conflicts when the business rules and knowledge inherent in the system were transferred to the practices of the organization. Thus, practices that allowed dynamics and flexibility in procedures were abolished and replaced by new routines, which were dictated by the system. Thus, the implementation under study showed a heavy adoption process because the system was not functioning optimally for the entire organization. The editors avoided the system, and if possible, they worked around it and used manual or old systems. The new system was perceived as being rigid, resulting in rework, and information in the system was not continuously updated. Specific functional requirements for the calculation of royalties for the authors were complicated to deliver for the consulting firm, and the old system could not be phased out, because necessary functionality was missing from the new ERP system. This study highlights the challenges of implementing an ERP system in a knowledge-intensive business and has implications for practice.

• Olsen, Dag Håkon & Zach, Ondrej (2011). ERP System Implementation in Make-to-order SMEs: An Exploratory Case Study. In Spague, Ralph H. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-44). IEEE Press. ISSN 978-1-4244-9618-1.
• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2011). ERP Post-implementation Issues in Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprises. In Cruz-Cunha, Maria Manuela; Martinho, Rui; Powell, J & Varajão, Joao (Ed.), ENTERprise Information Systems, Communications in Computer and Information Science, part I. Springer. ISSN 978-3-642-24357-8. p. 290–299. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-24358-5_29. Show summary

  This paper focuses on ERP post-implementation issues in Small-and- Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs).We conducted a case study in a small Norwegian retail company. We studied the enterprise in the period after going live with their new ERP system. Certain challenges were observed such as security risks because of inaccurate configuration of the system, difficulties with operational issues such as sending invoices and getting sales reports, inaccurate inventory, insufficient training arrangement, workarounds, conflicting incentives among customer, reseller and consultant. There were human consequences for end users since the implementation of the system caused stress among some of the employees. This study has implications for other SMEs planning to implement ERP systems.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2011). Teaching Enterprise Systems in Higher Education: The Learning Context Triangle. In Arnold, Vicky; Stefanou, Constantinos J. & Sutton, Steve G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics (ICESAL 2011). International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting and Logistics. ISSN 978-960-287-107-2. p. 106–125. Show summary

  We have iteratively developed curricula in two enterprise systems courses in higher education for information systems (IS) students. Enterprise systems embed technical complexity and imply organizational challenges when implemented in organizations. Therefore, teaching good ES classes are pedagogically challenging for faculty, and ES curricula are difficult for students. To cope with these challenges we gradually designed, implemented and rebuilt curricula and teaching framework from 2003 to 2010. We extended the use of various pedagogical principles and pedagogical means to stimulate deep-level learning processes. We propose a generic three-dimensional teaching framework comprising learning contexts of traditional classroom, laboratory, and organizational settings. We argue that an integrated teaching approach that includes practice-based learning loops facilitate and enrich a collaborative learning environment.

• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2011). EXPLORING THE ERP PRE-IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS IN A SMALL-AND-MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE: A CASE STUDY OF A NORWEGIAN RETAIL COMPANY. In Tuunainen, Virpi; Rossi, Matti; Nandhakumar, Joe & Soliman, Wael (Ed.), Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Information Systems. Association for Information Systems (AIS). ISSN 978-952-60-3574-1. Show summary

  This study examines the ERP pre-implementation process in a Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME), and identifies critical issues in this process. The ERP pre-implementation phase comprises issues of selecting ERP software, vendors, and consultant. It is a critical process especially for SMEs which normally have limited resources and IT competencies. Interesting findings from this study demonstrate that ERP pre-implementation in a SME is a demanding process which required a high level of knowledge and competencies about the system, and tough negotiation processes between project leader, vendor, resellers and consultants. By using the CEO’s business network to check the resellers’ track records, and invite prospective resellers for auditions, the project team was able to find a proficient reseller and consultant. In addition, the company organized business case scenarios to test the competencies of consultants. Building a long term partnership and trust between the company, the reseller and the consultant was considered critical. Thus, to choose the most sufficient actors for implementing and supporting the system, seemed to be just as critical as selecting the system itself.

• Hustad, Eli; Olsen, Dag Håkon & Hoff, Christian (2011). ERP-implementering i en kunnskapsintensiv bedrift: en casestudie av et forlag. In Fallmyr, Terje (Eds.), Proceeding from Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi, 2011. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 978-82-519-2845-8. p. 195–208. Show summary

  Denne studien fokuserer på hvordan ERP-implementering i en kunnskapsintensiv bedrift blir gjennomført, og identifiserer kritiske elementer i denne prosessen. En casestudie ble utført i et forlag. Funn fra studien viser en tung adopsjonsprosess da systemet ikke fungerte optimalt for hele organisasjonen. Redaktørene i forlaget unngikk å bruke systemet fordi det ble oppfattet som rigid og medførte merarbeid, og informasjon i systemet ble ikke kontinuerlig oppdatert. Framfor å endre prosesser i bedriften, ble systemet skreddersydd for å tilpasses etablerte rutiner. Dette resulterte i problemer og forsinkelser i prosjektet. Spesielle krav til funksjonalitet for beregning av royalty til forfattere, ble komplisert for konsulentbedriften å levere, og det gamle systemet kunne ikke utfases da nødvendig funksjonalitet manglet i ERP-systemet. Studien belyser utfordringer ved implementering av et ERP-system i en kunnskapsintensiv bedrift og har implikasjoner for praksis.

• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Iden, Jon; Olsen, Dag Håkon & Opdahl, Andreas Lothe (2011). Understanding the determinants of business process modelling in organisations. Business Process Management Journal. ISSN 1463-7154. 17(4), p. 639–662. doi: 10.1108/14637151111149465.
• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2011). ERP Post-implementation Issues in Small-and-Medium-Sized Enterprises. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS). ISSN 1865-0929. 219, p. 290–299.
• Hustad, Eli; Olsen, Dag H. & Hartvedt, Erik (2010). Anskaffelsesprosessen i et ERP-prosjekt: en casestudie av en SMB. In Fallmyr, Terje & Hjelmås, Erik (Ed.), Norsk Informatikkonferanse. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 978-82-519-2703-1. p. 39–52. Show summary

  Denne studien fokuserer på preimplementeringsfasen i et ERP-prosjekt hvor anskaffelsesprosessen av et ERP-system er sentral. ERP-systemer er virksomhetsomspennende systemer som skal sikre integrasjon av funksjonelle forretningsområder og sømløs informasjonsflyt, men som også innebærer teknisk kompleksitet og organisatoriske utfordringer ved implementering. Artikkelen bygger på en utforskende casestudie som ble gjennomført i en SMB for å forstå hvordan utfordringer håndteres ved anskaffelse av et ERP-system. ERP pre-implementering er en kritisk prosess for SMB?er som vanligvis har begrensede ressurser og IT-kompetanse. Interessante funn viser at anskaffelsesprosessen var en langvarig og kompleks prosess som krevde høy systemkompetanse, samt evne til å håndtere tøffe forhandlinger med ERP-leverandører, forhandlere og konsulenter. Ved å bruke daglig leders forretningsnettverk kunne omdømme til forhandlere sjekkes, og forhandlere og konsulenter ble invitert til ?auditions? slik at deres evner til å løse ulike forretningsscenarioer kunne bedømmes. Det å bygge tillitt og langsiktige partnerforhold mellom bedriften, forhandler og konsulent, ble ansett som kritisk. Studien viser derfor at det å velge riktige aktører som kan støtte implementering og vedlikehold av et ERP-system, er vel så viktig som å velge den riktige ERP-løsningen.

• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag H. (2010). Supporting SMEs towards e-business success: exploring the importance of training, competence and stimulation, Supporting SMEs towards e-business success: exploring the importance of training, competence and stimulation. IGI Global. ISSN 9781616923006. p. 234–263. Show summary

  The low e-Business implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important issue in most countries. This chapter examines the relationship between training, competence and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and discusses the implications for practice and further research. The study combined data about e-business competences and performance in 339 SMEs with data about training supply from 116 providers of e-business related training in three European countries. We find a positive relationship between training, competence and performance and show that training explains variances in e-business competences and performance in terms of efficiency, complementarities, lock-in and novelty. The research contributes to theoretical development by lending support to the idea that methodological issues are an important reason behind the lack of empirical support frequently reported in the literature. The study has practical implications for public policy makers, training suppliers and SME managers.

• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Iden, Jon; Olsen, Dag Håkon & Opdahl, Andreas Lothe (2010). Determinants to the use of business process modeling. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2010.143.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag H. (2009). Training, competence, and business performance: evidence from e-business in European small and medium-sized enterprises. International Journal of E-Business Research. ISSN 1548-1131. 5(1), p. 92–116. Show summary

  This article examines the relationship between training, competence and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of e-business. Literature review combined with a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods were used to investigate these relationships. Data about e-business competences and performance in 339 SMEs in three European countries was combined with data about training supply from 116 providers of e-business related training. The empirical findings document a positive relationship between training, competence and performance and show that training explains variances in e-business competences and performance in terms of efficiency, complementarities, lock-in and novelty. The research has both theoretical and practical implications. It contributes to theoretical development by lending support to the idea that methodological issues are an important reason behind the lack of empirical support frequently reported in the literature. The study has practical implications for public policy makers, training suppliers and SME managers.

• Hustad, Eli; Olsen, Dag H. & Päivärinta, Tero (2008). ENTERPRISE-WIDE SYSTEMS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A THREE-DIMENSIONAL TEACHING FRAMEWORK, Proceedings of Pre-icis workshop on enterprise systems 2008, Editors & Co-chairs: Darshana Sedera, Bjorn Johansson and Mary Sumner, Paris, Des 13-17, 2008. Association for Information Systems (AIS). Show summary

  This research paper reports from teaching experiences in graduate courses in enterprise systems (ES). These systems embed technical complexity and imply organizational challenges when implemented in organizations. Thus, teaching good ES classes are both pedagogically challenging for faculty and difficult for students. To cope with these confronts we propose a generic three-fold teaching framework. This triangle comprises different contexts of learning in terms of traditional classroom, laboratory, and organizational settings. We advise three major pedagogical means that are in accordance with these contexts of learning to integrate different types of knowledge; 1) theory of ES, 2) hands-on experiences with ES software, and 3) project-based experiences by studying real-life ES implementations in organizations. We argue that an integrated teaching approach that includes practice-based learning loops facilitate and enrich a collaborative learning environment, and far superior to classroom learning. We implemented our teaching framework in both introductory and advanced courses in ES. We discuss lessons learned encompassing feedback from students, pedagogical challenges, and future development of teaching activities. Our research has implications. By proposing a diverse and innovative teaching approach we can better meet the pedagogical challenges that these systems entail. Additionally, other academic institutions may transfer and implement this teaching framework into their learning environment.

• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Iden, Jon; Olsen, Dag H.; Olsen, Dag H. & Opdahl, Andreas Lothe (2008). Validating the Process-Modelling Practice Model. Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - An International Journal. ISSN 1860-6059. 3(2), p. 3–17.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Iden, Jon; Olsen, Dag H.; Opdahl, Andreas Lothe & Olsen, Dag H. (2008). Exploring Process-Modelling Practice: Towards a Conceptual Model, Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 1530-1605. p. 376–383. Show summary

  Despite the importance of process modelling for business process management and related tasks, there are few theories and empirical studies of process-modelling practice available that can serve as the basis for understanding and improving this important practice. To contribute to the development of better theory, this paper proposes a model of process modelling practice, focussing on the relations between process modelling purpose, process modelling process, model artefact, process modelling outcome as well as initial and eventual modelling and process maturity. The proposed model is based on the existing literature and validated in a study of 34 Norwegian process-modelling projects. Results from a combined qualitative and quantitative analysis of the empirical data indicate that the modelling process is clearly related to process-modelling outcome. Surprisingly, we were not able to relate the model artefact to any main category.

• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag H. (2007). An empirical investigation of competency factors affecting e-business success in European SMEs. Information & Management. ISSN 0378-7206. 44(4), p. 364–83. Show summary

  In the last decade there was growing interest in strategic management literature about factors that influence a company¿s ability to use IT. There is general consensus that knowledge and competency are necessary in developing an IT capability, but there is very little understanding of what the necessary competencies are, and how they influence IS usage in different contexts. The small and medium-sized enterprise context is particularly interesting for two reasons: it constitutes a major part of the economy and it has been relatively unsuccessful in exploiting e-business. We explored the relationship between e-business competency and its success in European SMEs. A literature review was used to determine factors representing e-business competency, and develop hypotheses, which were tested using data collected from 339 SMEs in Europe. Our results provide evidence on the importance of certain e-business competencies on e-business success, and have implications for both research and practice in the field of SMEs.

• Iden, Jon; Opdahl, Andreas Lothe; Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Olsen, Dag H. & Olsen, Dag H. (2007). What Makes Process Modelling Effective? Modelling or Project Factors? Business Process and Services Computing. Gesellschaft für Informatik. ISSN 1617-5468. Show summary

  Process modelling is a central topic in the information systems field. This paper reports from an empirical study of 34 Norwegian process change projects where process modelling was used. The paper investigates which factors that were most important for effective process modelling: project-specific factors or modelling-related factors? By comparing the practices of the most effective initiatives with those of the less effective, this paper concludes that project-specific factors matter more than modelling-related factors.

• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Iden, Jon; Olsen, Dag H. & Opdahl, Andreas Lothe (2006). Process Modelling Practice: Theory Formulation and Preliminary Results, NOKOBIT 2006 - Norsk Konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av IT. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. Show summary

  The aim of this paper is to examine the impact e-Government initiatives have on the municipal back-office structure, work processes and employees. Today, Norwegian municipalities face the challenge of meeting their role as service providers within tightening budgets and the reforms in public service organisations. When dealing with these issues, the public administration seeks solutions in the form of e-Government systems often coupled with inter-municipality collaboration. The implementation of new information systems invariably leads to new organisational structures and work process re-engineering. In this paper, we report findings from an interpretative case study from an e-Government inter-municipality initiative called the Smartkom project in the North-Jæren region in Norway. We used models of public government as the interpretive lens to analyse our data. We found that the organizational forms that emerge as a result of such initiatives include characteristics of different models and are continuously evolving. Based on our findings, we propose a new model that incorporate features of a specific type of network model called production network that the case municipalities can implement in the near future.

• Olsen, Dag H. & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2006). Training for the e-business competition: an empirical investigation of the relationship between competence, training and performance in European SMEs, Proceedings from the 39th annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 1530-1605.
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes; Olsen, Dag H. & Wolcott, Peter (2006). Local e-Government in Norway: Current status and emerging issues. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems (SJIS). ISSN 0905-0167.
• Iden, Jon; Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Olsen, Dag H. & Opdahl, Andreas Lothe (2005). Prosessforbedring – en vurdering av nasjonal praksis, Proceedings from the Norwegian conference for organizations' use of information technology (NOKOBIT). Tapir Akademisk Forlag.
• Olsen, Dag H. & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2005). Co-opetition and e-Business Success in SMEs: An Empirical Investigation of European SMEs, Proceedings of the 38th annual Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 1530-1605.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag H. (2003). Understanding e-business competencies in SMEs: a conceptual and operational approach, Seeking success in e-business. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Olsen, Dag H. & Purao, Sandeep (2001). Introduction to Special Series on Information Exchange in Electronic Markets: New Business Models. Informing Science. ISSN 1547-9684. Volume 4(No 4), p. 115–116.

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• Garmann-Johnsen, Niels Frederik; Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Co-creation in networks of SMEs: a conceptual model of the co-creation process.
• Garmann-Johnsen, Niels Frederik; Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). The Co-Creation Canvas.
• Flak, Leif Skiftenes & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2020). Digital transformasjon - Hva betyr det for norske bedrifter.
• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2019). Digital Infrastructure for Sustainability: Benefits and Challenges of a Service-Oriented Environment.
• Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2016). Skybaserte ERP-løsninger i undervisning.
• Olsen, Dag Håkon (2014). Interaction of Critical Success Factors in ERP Implementation: A case study of a Norwegian SME.
• Olsen, Dag Håkon (2012). The Dynamics of Critical Success Factors in ERP Implementation: An SME Failure Case.
• Olsen, Dag Håkon (2012). Adoption of Cloud Computing: A Study of Enablers and Inhibitors in a Norwegian Context.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Iden, Jon; Olsen, Dag H.; Opdahl, Andreas Lothe & Olsen, Dag H. (2008). Towards a model of process-modelling practice: quantitative validation and results, Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems. Show summary

  The paper revises an existing model of process-modelling practice and uses it in a survey of Norwegian model-based process-change projects. A central hypothesis is confirmed. There is a positive relationship between modelling processes. in terms of management support, lack of resistance, in-project training and model types, and project outcome. Further work should improve instrument validity and the research model by including other organisational and social dimensions of process-modelling behaviour and effects.

• Ask, Urban; Juell-Skielse, Gustaf; Magnusson, Johan; Olsen, Dag H. & Päivärinta, Tero (2008). Enterprise Systems as Vehicles of Pedagogic Innovation - Enterprise System Inclusion in Higher Education.
• Iden, Jon; Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Olsen, Dag H. & Opdahl, Andreas Lothe (2006). Process Change Projects: A Study of Norwegian Practice, European Conference on Information Systems Proceedings.
• Olsen, Dag H. & Sein, Maung (2005). The relationship between IS academia and practice: Viewing through a maturity model.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag H. (2002). e-Business Success and External Governance in SMEs: an Empirical Study of European SMEs.
• Olsen, Dag H. & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2002). Sourcing and alignment of competencies and e-business success in SMEs: an empirical investigation of Norwegian SMEs.
• Olsen, Dag H. & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2002). Understanding e-business competencies in SMEs: a conceptual and operational approach.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag H. (2001). Mapping e-business competencies in SMEs; conceptual and operational approach.
• Olsen, Dag H. (2001). Chair of panel on frameworks for classifying e-Business Concepts and Solutions.
• Olsen, Dag H. & Purao, Sandeep (2001). Editor, Informing Science Journal, Special series on Information exchange in Electronic Markets.
• Olsen, Dag H.; Timmers, Paul; Tuunainen, Virpi & Urbaczewski, Andrew (2001). Frameworks for Classifiying e-Business Concepts and Solutions.
• Olsen, Dag H. & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2001). Mapping e-business competencies in SMEs: conceptual and operational approach.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Olsen, Dag H.; Klein, Stefan; Gricar, Joze & Pucihar, Andreja (2000). An Empirical Study of Interactive Functions in Internet Banking as a tool for Differentiation by Small Regional Banks.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag H. (2000). Norwegian Fire Protection. Undervisningscase i prosessmodellering.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar & Olsen, Dag H. (2000). Modellering, analyse og forbedring av virksomhetsprosesser.
• Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Sein, Maung K. & Olsen, Dag H. (2000). Key Issues in Information Systems Management in Norway.
• Olsen, Dag H. & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2000). Modellering, analyse og forbedring av virksomhetsprosesser.
• Olsen, Dag H. & Eikebrokk, Tom Roar (2000). Norwegian Fire Protection. Undervisningscase i prosessmodellering.
• Olsen, Dag H. (2000). Elektronisk handel - Hva skjer og hva er konsekvensene for den fremvoksende nettverksøkonomien?
• Olsen, Dag H. (2000). Elektronisk handel, økonomi og marked.
• Elgazzar, Rania Fahim H.I.; Hustad, Eli & Olsen, Dag Håkon (2015). Adoption of Cloud Computing: Results from a Delphi Study. Universitetet i Agder. Show summary

  Topic: The adoption of cloud computing services is influenced by many issues perceived differently by clients and cloud service providers; providers may see the positive side of the cloud, whereas clients may perceive it otherwise. This report presents the results of a Delphi study and focuses on the following two questions: What issues confront enterprises when adopting cloud computing services? What is the relative importance of these issues? Method: Thirty-four experts from different industries and public institutions participated in a Delphi panel. It was divided into three subpanels that represent different stakeholders, namely, clients, providers, and academics. We started the study in 2013 and completed it in March 2015. The Delphi study procedure comprised three stages, namely, (1) brainstorming, (2) narrowing down, and (3) ranking. Follow-up interviews were also conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of the topics examined. Findings: The panelists identified 55 issues of concern in the first round, and these were analyzed and grouped into 10 categories: (1) security, (2) availability, (3) migration, (4) business, (5) legal and ethical concerns, (6) culture, (7) awareness, (8) impact, (9) strategy, and (10) IT governance. In the second round, most of the panelists’ votes went to security (104 votes), followed by legal and ethical (67 votes), impact (60 votes), and strategy (54 votes) issues. In the narrowing down phase, 33 issues were identified, and these were based on a threshold of 30%. In the first ranking round, 33 issues were ranked by the panelists. However, we could not reach an acceptable agreement (Kendall W was for clients=0.173, providers=0.069, and academics=0.270). In the second round of ranking, the top 18 issues of each subpanel were ranked, and the intrapanel agreement showed moderate consensus on the issues (Kendall W was for clients=0.392, providers=0.443, and academics=0.493). We found that the client panel ranked the issue “Data protection legislations are different and not strong in all countries” as number one, the provider panel ranked the issue “The risk of losing control over resources (data, software, hardware, and human resources) in private clouds is less than that in public clouds. However, risks are not absolute, and most of them can be addressed, but not all of them” as number one, and the academic panel ranked the issue “Enterprises are faced with weak undetailed Service Level Agreements (SLAs) from providers (e.g., providers may not be transparent about where and how do they store the data and the acknowledgement of security incidents whenever happen and how the cloud provider deals with it)” as number one. Follow-up interviews were also conducted. The insights of the panelists are shared in this report. Conclusions: The report highlights current cloud computing adoption issues. Security, strategy, legal and ethical concerns, and IT governance were among the highest-ranked issues by the participants in the study. The results show different perspectives across the subpanels, especially for the clients and providers. Clients need to understand well their business needs and what value cloud computing can add to their business. Cloud service providers need to fully comprehend the current needs of their market. More work needs to be done on increasing awareness regarding cloud computing and its benefits for businesses. Clients are particularly interested in hearing more about hybrid cloud solutions. The most important issues of concern are further discussed in this report.

• Olsen, Dag H.; Eikebrokk, Tom Roar; Moe, Carl Erik; Hauge, Elisabet & Braadland, Frode (2002). SME's competence for e-business success Exploring the gap between the needs for e-business competence and the training offered.

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